{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384211391","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2023.3292590","title":"Balancing Static Islands in Dynamically Scheduled Circuits Using Continuous Petri Nets","display_name":"Balancing Static Islands in Dynamically Scheduled Circuits Using Continuous Petri Nets","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384211391","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2023.3292590"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2023.3292590","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2023.3292590","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10174135/1/ChengFracaWickersonConstantinidesTC23.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060302344","display_name":"Jianyi Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2791-2555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jianyi Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011665771","display_name":"Est\u00edbaliz Fraca","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6201-7447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Estibaliz Fraca","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002846450","display_name":"John Wickerson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6735-5533"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Wickerson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029829952","display_name":"George A. Constantinides","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0201-310X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George A. Constantinides","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060302344"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5927,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70983699,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"11","first_page":"3300","last_page":"3313"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11125","display_name":"Petri Nets in System Modeling","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11125","display_name":"Petri Nets in System Modeling","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8355473279953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/petri-net","display_name":"Petri net","score":0.7015016078948975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5728168487548828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-level-synthesis","display_name":"High-level synthesis","score":0.5033923983573914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.4728781580924988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compile-time","display_name":"Compile time","score":0.4728408455848694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.45875146985054016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.4520825743675232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-timing-analysis","display_name":"Static timing analysis","score":0.43480226397514343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.42518284916877747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/execution-time","display_name":"Execution time","score":0.4232419729232788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.34184443950653076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3062404990196228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.3037051856517792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1554403305053711}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8355473279953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38677869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q724168","display_name":"Petri net","level":2,"score":0.7015016078948975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5728168487548828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58013763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5754574","display_name":"High-level synthesis","level":3,"score":0.5033923983573914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4728781580924988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200833197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333707","display_name":"Compile time","level":3,"score":0.4728408455848694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.45875146985054016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.4520825743675232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93682380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2025226","display_name":"Static timing analysis","level":2,"score":0.43480226397514343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.42518284916877747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989134064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288510","display_name":"Execution time","level":2,"score":0.4232419729232788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.34184443950653076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3062404990196228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.3037051856517792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1554403305053711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2023.3292590","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2023.3292590","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10174135","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10174135/","pdf_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10174135/1/ChengFracaWickersonConstantinidesTC23.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"   IEEE Transactions on Computers     pp. 1-14.   (2023)     (In press).  ","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:spiral.imperial.ac.uk:10044/1/105701","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/105701","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401396","display_name":"Spiral (Imperial College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","host_organization_name":"Imperial College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"3313","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10174135","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10174135/","pdf_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10174135/1/ChengFracaWickersonConstantinidesTC23.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"   IEEE Transactions on Computers     pp. 1-14.   (2023)     (In press).  ","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1641431731","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R006865/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2784140359","display_name":"Application Customisation: Enhancing Design Quality and Developer Productivity","funder_award_id":"EP/P010040/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6480646621","display_name":"Interface reasoning for interacting systems (IRIS).","funder_award_id":"EP/R006865/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G774180880","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/P010040/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4384211391.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4384211391.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44516245","https://openalex.org/W1505489763","https://openalex.org/W1583061463","https://openalex.org/W1862398452","https://openalex.org/W1926668751","https://openalex.org/W1970032753","https://openalex.org/W1996109622","https://openalex.org/W2020391110","https://openalex.org/W2042244914","https://openalex.org/W2071189607","https://openalex.org/W2081825786","https://openalex.org/W2099063334","https://openalex.org/W2099552965","https://openalex.org/W2105664689","https://openalex.org/W2109257065","https://openalex.org/W2126069250","https://openalex.org/W2154427722","https://openalex.org/W2156499539","https://openalex.org/W2159651799","https://openalex.org/W2160566592","https://openalex.org/W2221646813","https://openalex.org/W2469322671","https://openalex.org/W2760331766","https://openalex.org/W2790678706","https://openalex.org/W2904606279","https://openalex.org/W3003508272","https://openalex.org/W3008230609","https://openalex.org/W3008412028","https://openalex.org/W3136950882","https://openalex.org/W3170941602","https://openalex.org/W4211023745","https://openalex.org/W4239489018","https://openalex.org/W4315784047","https://openalex.org/W6601865010","https://openalex.org/W6676313475","https://openalex.org/W6683195904"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3186146083","https://openalex.org/W2120935739","https://openalex.org/W2252020632","https://openalex.org/W2101075828","https://openalex.org/W4387773832","https://openalex.org/W2123535323","https://openalex.org/W2142474790","https://openalex.org/W52109311","https://openalex.org/W1543783659","https://openalex.org/W622253553"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High-level":[0],"synthesis":[1],"(HLS)":[2],"tools":[3,123,156],"automatically":[4,172],"transform":[5],"a":[6,14,63,102,192,197,209],"high-level":[7],"program,":[8],"for":[9,121,157,177,181],"example":[10],"in":[11,21,36,85,191,212],"C/C++,":[12],"into":[13],"low-level":[15],"hardware":[16,76,139,175],"description.":[17],"A":[18,40],"key":[19],"challenge":[20],"HLS":[22,122,159],"is":[23],"scheduling,":[24],"<italic":[25],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[26],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">i.e.</i>":[27],"determining":[28],"the":[29,34,37,68,74,82,127,135,138,163,174,179],"start":[30],"time":[31,104],"of":[32,43,65,130,137,165,199],"all":[33],"operations":[35],"untimed":[38],"program.":[39],"major":[41],"shortcoming":[42],"existing":[44],"approaches":[45,79],"to":[46,105,124,150,171,216],"scheduling\u2014whether":[47],"they":[48],"are":[49],"static":[50,69,188],"(start":[51,57],"times":[52,58],"determined":[53,59],"at":[54,60],"compile-time),":[55],"dynamic":[56],"run-time),":[61],"or":[62,93,96],"hybrid":[64],"both\u2014is":[66],"that":[67,203],"analysis":[70,120,155],"cannot":[71],"efficiently":[72,125],"explore":[73,106,126],"run-time":[75],"behaviours.":[77],"Existing":[78],"either":[80],"assume":[81],"timing":[83,128],"behaviour":[84,129],"extreme":[86],"cases,":[87],"which":[88,100],"can":[89],"cause":[90],"sub-optimal":[91],"performance":[92,136],"larger":[94],"area,":[95],"use":[97],"simulation-based":[98],"approaches,":[99],"take":[101],"long":[103],"enough":[107],"program":[108],"traces.":[109],"In":[110],"this":[111],"article,":[112],"we":[113,201],"propose":[114],"an":[115],"efficient":[116,152],"approach":[117,167,205],"using":[118,140,169],"probabilistic":[119],"scheduled":[131,183,194],"hardware.":[132],"We":[133,161],"capture":[134],"Timed":[141],"Continous":[142],"Petri":[143,153],"nets":[144],"with":[145],"immediate":[146],"transitions,":[147],"allowing":[148],"us":[149],"leverage":[151],"net":[154],"making":[158],"decisions.":[160],"demonstrate":[162],"utility":[164],"our":[166,204],"by":[168,219],"it":[170],"estimate":[173],"throughput":[176,180],"balancing":[178],"statically":[182],"components":[184],"(also":[185],"known":[186],"as":[187],"islands)":[189],"computing":[190],"dynamically":[193],"circuit.":[195],"Over":[196],"set":[198],"benchmarks,":[200],"show":[202],"on":[206],"average":[207],"incurs":[208],"2%":[210],"overhead":[211],"area-delay":[213],"product":[214],"compared":[215],"optimal":[217],"designs":[218],"exhaustive":[220],"search.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}