{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4321608010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2023.3241218","title":"Trouble-Shooting at GAN Point: Improving Functional Safety in Deep Learning Accelerators","display_name":"Trouble-Shooting at GAN Point: Improving Functional Safety in Deep Learning Accelerators","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4321608010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2023.3241218"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2023.3241218","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2023.3241218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","0016-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066094401","display_name":"Shamik Kundu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5992-8554"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shamik Kundu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5992-8554","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083178603","display_name":"Suvadeep Banerjee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5188-1651"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suvadeep Banerjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5188-1651","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066464351","display_name":"Arnab Raha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8848-1069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arnab Raha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8848-1069","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101754630","display_name":"Fei Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3536-8126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Corporation, Folsom, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3536-8126","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corporation, Folsom, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113724917","display_name":"Suriyaprakash Natarajan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5499-4341"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suriyaprakash Natarajan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066320524","display_name":"Kanad Basu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6431-7512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kanad Basu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6431-7512","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7162,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86707675,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"8","first_page":"2194","last_page":"2208"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7475511431694031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.7080785632133484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5453689694404602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5177932977676392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4749027490615845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.4368118345737457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3779356777667999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.33478865027427673}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7475511431694031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.7080785632133484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5453689694404602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5177932977676392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4749027490615845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.4368118345737457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3779356777667999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.33478865027427673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2023.3241218","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2023.3241218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","0016-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7400000095367432}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7526799016","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2930.001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306087","funder_display_name":"Semiconductor Research Corporation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306087","display_name":"Semiconductor Research Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/047z4n946"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1578894366","https://openalex.org/W2040809673","https://openalex.org/W2088079057","https://openalex.org/W2289252105","https://openalex.org/W2606722458","https://openalex.org/W2944349874","https://openalex.org/W2946682676","https://openalex.org/W2962770929","https://openalex.org/W2963393494","https://openalex.org/W2964108906","https://openalex.org/W2969874973","https://openalex.org/W2983012040","https://openalex.org/W3008838787","https://openalex.org/W3012135218","https://openalex.org/W3041816437","https://openalex.org/W3096831136","https://openalex.org/W3131039502","https://openalex.org/W3161810785","https://openalex.org/W3175176244","https://openalex.org/W3214851476","https://openalex.org/W4233573690","https://openalex.org/W4243480250","https://openalex.org/W4252174618","https://openalex.org/W6741832134","https://openalex.org/W6745889759","https://openalex.org/W6751420435","https://openalex.org/W6763559720"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2380075625","https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W4390718435","https://openalex.org/W2055243143","https://openalex.org/W4390549206","https://openalex.org/W2611989081","https://openalex.org/W3137171911","https://openalex.org/W4379540039","https://openalex.org/W4237784285","https://openalex.org/W4390846322"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"proliferation":[1],"of":[2,16,27,33,79,117,125,133,167],"Deep":[3],"Neural":[4],"Networks":[5,128],"(DNNs)":[6],"in":[7,46,99,108,180,187],"real-time":[8],"mission":[9,109],"critical":[10],"applications":[11],"has":[12],"promoted":[13],"the":[14,41,76,80,85,123,134,138,146,165,172],"implementation":[15],"custom-built":[17],"DNN":[18,35,81,135,189],"inference":[19,39],"accelerators.":[20,190],"These":[21],"accelerators":[22],"require":[23],"a":[24,115],"considerable":[25],"amount":[26],"on-chip":[28],"memory":[29,52],"to":[30,56,59,75,84,94,104,113,158,161,182],"store":[31],"millions":[32],"trained":[34],"parameters":[36],"for":[37],"executing":[38],"at":[40],"edge.":[42],"Drastic":[43],"technology":[44],"scaling":[45],"recent":[47],"years":[48],"have":[49],"made":[50],"these":[51],"circuits":[53],"highly":[54,73],"vulnerable":[55],"faults":[57,71],"due":[58],"various":[60],"reasons":[61],"like":[62],"aging,":[63],"latent":[64],"defects,":[65],"single":[66],"event":[67],"upsets,":[68],"etc.":[69],"Such":[70],"are":[72,131],"detrimental":[74],"classification":[77],"accuracy":[78],"accelerator,":[82],"leading":[83],"crucial":[86],"Functional":[87],"Safety":[88],"(FuSa)":[89],"violation.":[90],"This":[91],"can":[92],"eventuate":[93],"catastrophic":[95],"circumstances,":[96],"when":[97],"used":[98],"mission-critical":[100,188],"applications.":[101],"In":[102],"order":[103,181],"detect":[105],"such":[106],"violations":[107],"mode,":[110],"we":[111],"propose":[112],"generate":[114],"set":[116],"functional":[118],"test":[119,148,178],"patterns":[120,149,179],"by":[121,156],"leveraging":[122],"concept":[124],"Generative":[126],"Adversarial":[127],"(GANs),":[129],"that":[130,175],"independent":[132],"model":[136],"and":[137],"accelerator":[139],"characteristics.":[140],"Our":[141],"experimental":[142],"results":[143],"demonstrate":[144],"that,":[145],"generated":[147],"significantly":[150],"improve":[151],"FuSa":[152,184],"violation":[153,185],"detection":[154,186],"coverage":[155],"up":[157],"130.28%,":[159],"compared":[160],"existing":[162],"techniques.":[163],"To":[164],"best":[166],"our":[168],"knowledge,":[169],"this":[170],"is":[171],"first":[173],"work":[174],"generates":[176],"GAN-based":[177],"perform":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-21T08:15:58.654021","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
