{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4311978413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2022.3230285","title":"ALPINE: Analog In-Memory Acceleration with Tight Processor Integration for Deep Learning","display_name":"ALPINE: Analog In-Memory Acceleration with Tight Processor Integration for Deep Learning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4311978413","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2022.3230285"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2022.3230285","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2022.3230285","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/298771","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101504308","display_name":"Joshua Klein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4958-9990"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joshua Klein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Embedded Systems Laboratory (ESL), &#x00C9;cole Polytechnique F&#x00E9;d&#x00E9;rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4958-9990","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Embedded Systems Laboratory (ESL), &#x00C9;cole Polytechnique F&#x00E9;d&#x00E9;rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084000491","display_name":"Irem Boybat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4255-8622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126328","display_name":"IBM Research - Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02js37d36","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irem Boybat","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research Europe, Ruschlikon, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4255-8622","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research Europe, Ruschlikon, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102011817","display_name":"Yasir Mahmood Qureshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2516-3899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasir Qureshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Embedded Systems Laboratory (ESL), &#x00C9;cole Polytechnique F&#x00E9;d&#x00E9;rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2516-3899","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Embedded Systems Laboratory (ESL), &#x00C9;cole Polytechnique F&#x00E9;d&#x00E9;rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051779027","display_name":"Martino Dazzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4184-2170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126328","display_name":"IBM Research - Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02js37d36","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martino Dazzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research Europe, Ruschlikon, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4184-2170","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research Europe, Ruschlikon, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090359025","display_name":"Alexandre Levisse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8984-9793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandre Levisse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Embedded Systems Laboratory (ESL), &#x00C9;cole Polytechnique F&#x00E9;d&#x00E9;rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8984-9793","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Embedded Systems Laboratory (ESL), &#x00C9;cole Polytechnique F&#x00E9;d&#x00E9;rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044467469","display_name":"Giovanni Ansaloni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8940-3775"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Ansaloni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Embedded Systems Laboratory (ESL), &#x00C9;cole Polytechnique F&#x00E9;d&#x00E9;rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8940-3775","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Embedded Systems Laboratory (ESL), &#x00C9;cole Polytechnique F&#x00E9;d&#x00E9;rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050801793","display_name":"Marina Zapater","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6971-1965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097157","display_name":"Y-Parc (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/00pd5dx05","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097157"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marina Zapater","raw_affiliation_strings":["HEIG-VD, Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6971-1965","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HEIG-VD, Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017236774","display_name":"Abu Sebastian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5603-5243"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126328","display_name":"IBM Research - Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02js37d36","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abu Sebastian","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research Europe, Ruschlikon, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5603-5243","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research Europe, Ruschlikon, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074236306","display_name":"David Atienza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9536-4947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Atienza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Embedded Systems Laboratory (ESL), &#x00C9;cole Polytechnique F&#x00E9;d&#x00E9;rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9536-4947","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Embedded Systems Laboratory (ESL), &#x00C9;cole Polytechnique F&#x00E9;d&#x00E9;rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101504308"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2008,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78280764,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8252916932106018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.6991838216781616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.49939608573913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromorphic-engineering","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","score":0.48603683710098267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simd","display_name":"SIMD","score":0.48298943042755127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.4581723213195801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4371529817581177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-acceleration","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","score":0.4146856367588043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceptron","display_name":"Perceptron","score":0.41145333647727966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4072141647338867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3226093649864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.2742103338241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.27207669615745544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.13236352801322937}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8252916932106018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.6991838216781616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.49939608573913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151927369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981312","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","level":3,"score":0.48603683710098267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150552126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339387","display_name":"SIMD","level":2,"score":0.48298943042755127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4581723213195801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4371529817581177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13164978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q600158","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","level":3,"score":0.4146856367588043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60908668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690207","display_name":"Perceptron","level":3,"score":0.41145333647727966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4072141647338867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3226093649864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.2742103338241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27207669615745544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.13236352801322937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2022.3230285","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2022.3230285","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hesso.tind.io:11664","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://arodes.hes-so.ch/record/11664","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402432","display_name":"ArODES (HES-SO (https://www.hes-so.ch/))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210088449","host_organization_name":"HES-SO Gen\u00e8ve","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://arodes.hes-so.ch/record/11664","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:298771","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/298771","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"research article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:298771","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/298771","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"research article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1511340899","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"863337","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G265104915","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EC H2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","funder_display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1632114991","https://openalex.org/W2118077095","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2493328864","https://openalex.org/W2518281301","https://openalex.org/W2556583623","https://openalex.org/W2588191434","https://openalex.org/W2765081478","https://openalex.org/W2778345336","https://openalex.org/W2782046614","https://openalex.org/W2808513690","https://openalex.org/W2883084140","https://openalex.org/W2899641901","https://openalex.org/W2903808580","https://openalex.org/W2904299207","https://openalex.org/W2912296468","https://openalex.org/W2913035851","https://openalex.org/W2913104037","https://openalex.org/W2925090292","https://openalex.org/W2948661249","https://openalex.org/W2963173190","https://openalex.org/W2964447465","https://openalex.org/W2966905773","https://openalex.org/W3009143904","https://openalex.org/W3013080934","https://openalex.org/W3015980402","https://openalex.org/W3025017204","https://openalex.org/W3093933627","https://openalex.org/W3099073033","https://openalex.org/W3101272433","https://openalex.org/W3135835558","https://openalex.org/W3138725418","https://openalex.org/W3153670672","https://openalex.org/W3174343464","https://openalex.org/W3179351569","https://openalex.org/W3183264033","https://openalex.org/W3184497370","https://openalex.org/W3188913081","https://openalex.org/W3190062760","https://openalex.org/W3190456202","https://openalex.org/W3195461290","https://openalex.org/W3198889191","https://openalex.org/W4225637124","https://openalex.org/W4226225603","https://openalex.org/W4292387453","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6774420818","https://openalex.org/W6798175552"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2986579802","https://openalex.org/W3108691306","https://openalex.org/W4389237622","https://openalex.org/W2785001802","https://openalex.org/W4319952061","https://openalex.org/W4280636456","https://openalex.org/W4388913998","https://openalex.org/W4310584535","https://openalex.org/W4295935044","https://openalex.org/W3159906349"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Analog":[0],"in-memory":[1,76],"computing":[2,77],"(AIMC)":[3],"cores":[4],"offers":[5],"significant":[6],"performance":[7],"and":[8,47,138,151,162,183],"energy":[9],"benefits":[10],"for":[11,177],"neural":[12,159,179,185],"network":[13,160],"inference":[14,147],"with":[15,125,169],"respect":[16,170],"to":[17,122,142,165,171],"digital":[18],"logic":[19],"(e.g.,":[20],"CPUs).":[21],"AIMCs":[22],"accelerate":[23],"matrix-vector":[24],"multiplications,":[25],"which":[26,99],"dominate":[27],"these":[28],"applications'":[29],"run-time.":[30],"However,":[31],"AIMC-centric":[32],"platforms":[33],"lack":[34],"the":[35,58,95,105,110,113,126,144],"flexibility":[36],"of":[37,54,60,104,112,146,155,157],"general-purpose":[38,83],"systems,":[39],"as":[40],"they":[41],"often":[42],"have":[43,132],"hard-coded":[44],"data":[45],"flows":[46],"can":[48],"only":[49],"support":[50],"a":[51,68,87,134,139,153,172],"limited":[52],"set":[53],"processing":[55],"functions.":[56],"With":[57],"goal":[59],"bridging":[61],"this":[62],"gap":[63],"in":[64,82],"flexibility,":[65],"we":[66,131],"present":[67],"novel":[69],"system":[70],"architecture":[71,116],"that":[72],"tightly":[73],"integrates":[74],"analog":[75],"accelerators":[78],"into":[79,94],"multi-core":[80],"CPUs":[81],"systems.":[84],"We":[85,149],"developed":[86],"powerful":[88],"gem5-based":[89],"full":[90],"system-level":[91],"simulation":[92,111],"framework":[93],"gem5-X":[96],"simulator,":[97],"ALPINE,":[98,130],"enables":[100],"an":[101],"in-depth":[102],"characterization":[103],"proposed":[106],"architecture.":[107],"ALPINE":[108],"allows":[109],"entire":[114],"computer":[115],"stack":[117],"from":[118],"major":[119],"hardware":[120],"components":[121],"their":[123],"interactions":[124],"Linux":[127],"OS.":[128],"Within":[129],"defined":[133],"custom":[135],"ISA":[136],"extension":[137],"software":[140],"library":[141],"facilitate":[143],"deployment":[145],"models.":[148],"showcase":[150],"analyze":[152],"variety":[154],"mappings":[156],"different":[158],"types,":[161],"demonstrate":[163],"up":[164],"20.5x/20.8x":[166],"performance/energy":[167],"gains":[168],"SIMD-enabled":[173],"ARM":[174],"CPU":[175],"implementation":[176],"convolutional":[178],"networks,":[180],"multi-layer":[181],"perceptrons,":[182],"recurrent":[184],"networks.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
