{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312608192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2022.3222090","title":"R-HTDetector: Robust Hardware-Trojan Detection Based on Adversarial Training","display_name":"R-HTDetector: Robust Hardware-Trojan Detection Based on Adversarial Training","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312608192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2022.3222090"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2022.3222090","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2022.3222090","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/12/10019338/09950314.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/12/10019338/09950314.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066000044","display_name":"Kento Hasegawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6517-1703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164495","display_name":"KDDI Research (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05qsqt662","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164495"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kento Hasegawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["KDDI Research, Inc., Fujimino, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KDDI Research, Inc., Fujimino, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164495"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052844875","display_name":"Seira Hidano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0571-7168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164495","display_name":"KDDI Research (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05qsqt662","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164495"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seira Hidano","raw_affiliation_strings":["KDDI Research, Inc., Fujimino, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KDDI Research, Inc., Fujimino, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164495"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051569196","display_name":"Kohei Nozawa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kohei Nozawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054965256","display_name":"Shinsaku Kiyomoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0268-0532"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164495","display_name":"KDDI Research (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05qsqt662","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164495"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shinsaku Kiyomoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["KDDI Research, Inc., Fujimino, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KDDI Research, Inc., Fujimino, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164495"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087516286","display_name":"Nozomu Togawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3400-3587"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150744194","display_name":"Waseda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ntfnx83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nozomu Togawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150744194"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066000044"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164495"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.3094,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98771636,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"2","first_page":"333","last_page":"345"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.734436571598053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.706584632396698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trojan","display_name":"Trojan","score":0.6520124673843384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","score":0.6155840158462524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.473368376493454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-trojan","display_name":"Hardware Trojan","score":0.4502241313457489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.4375956058502197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.38497358560562134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.33753401041030884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2473447322845459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.734436571598053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.706584632396698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174333608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19635","display_name":"Trojan","level":2,"score":0.6520124673843384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.6155840158462524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.473368376493454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780873074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5656397","display_name":"Hardware Trojan","level":3,"score":0.4502241313457489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.4375956058502197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.38497358560562134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.33753401041030884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2473447322845459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2022.3222090","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2022.3222090","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/12/10019338/09950314.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2022.3222090","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2022.3222090","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/12/10019338/09950314.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5400000214576721,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G547025805","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"05201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335839","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01a3g2z22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335839","display_name":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016bgq349"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312608192.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312608192.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2011712479","https://openalex.org/W2464661970","https://openalex.org/W2511192821","https://openalex.org/W2524064595","https://openalex.org/W2606854262","https://openalex.org/W2756672502","https://openalex.org/W2756703387","https://openalex.org/W2798312912","https://openalex.org/W2943143580","https://openalex.org/W2943433132","https://openalex.org/W2962700793","https://openalex.org/W2963542245","https://openalex.org/W2989672901","https://openalex.org/W3000731494","https://openalex.org/W3015001695","https://openalex.org/W3090740068","https://openalex.org/W3124962940","https://openalex.org/W3127390710","https://openalex.org/W3174999470","https://openalex.org/W3187009719","https://openalex.org/W3199209662","https://openalex.org/W4213370430","https://openalex.org/W4235106014","https://openalex.org/W4252148401","https://openalex.org/W6640425456","https://openalex.org/W6729756640","https://openalex.org/W6773870014","https://openalex.org/W6790342375"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385434494","https://openalex.org/W3159333627","https://openalex.org/W3004467197","https://openalex.org/W1500594134","https://openalex.org/W2091750459","https://openalex.org/W4328053173","https://openalex.org/W3084939900","https://openalex.org/W2382172865","https://openalex.org/W4321062229","https://openalex.org/W2999465529"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hardware":[0],"Trojans":[1],"(HTs)":[2],"have":[3],"become":[4],"a":[5,67,76],"serious":[6],"problem,":[7],"and":[8,19],"extermination":[9],"of":[10,21,66,94],"them":[11],"is":[12,27],"strongly":[13],"required":[14],"for":[15,106],"enhancing":[16],"the":[17,32,64,92,102],"security":[18],"safety":[20],"integrated":[22],"circuits.":[23],"An":[24],"effective":[25],"solution":[26],"to":[28],"identify":[29],"HTs":[30,61],"at":[31],"gate":[33],"level":[34],"via":[35],"machine":[36,40,68],"learning":[37,41],"techniques.":[38],"However,":[39],"has":[42,55],"specific":[43],"vulnerabilities,":[44],"such":[45],"as":[46],"<italic":[47,85],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[48,86],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">adversarial":[49],"examples</i>":[50],".":[51],"In":[52],"reality,":[53],"it":[54],"been":[56],"reported":[57],"that":[58,119],"adversarial":[59,82,104,122],"modified":[60],"greatly":[62],"degrade":[63],"performance":[65],"learning-based":[69],"HT":[70,78,107],"detection":[71,79,108],"method.":[72],"Therefore,":[73],"we":[74],"propose":[75],"robust":[77],"method":[80],"using":[81],"training":[83,105],"(":[84],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">R-HTDetector</i>":[87],").":[88],"We":[89,112],"formally":[90],"describe":[91],"robustness":[93],"R-HTDetector":[95,120],"in":[96],"modifying":[97],"HTs.":[98],"Our":[99],"work":[100],"gives":[101],"world-first":[103],"with":[109,116],"theoretical":[110],"backgrounds.":[111],"show":[113],"through":[114],"experiments":[115],"Trust-HUB":[117],"benchmarks":[118],"overcomes":[121],"examples":[123],"while":[124],"maintaining":[125],"its":[126],"original":[127],"accuracy.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}