{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313152865","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2022.3215085","title":"JBNN: A Hardware Design for Binarized Neural Networks using Single-Flux-Quantum Circuits","display_name":"JBNN: A Hardware Design for Binarized Neural Networks using Single-Flux-Quantum Circuits","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313152865","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2022.3215085"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2022.3215085","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2022.3215085","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","0016-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027725310","display_name":"Rongliang Fu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongliang Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3744-2083","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032468655","display_name":"Junying Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5845-6965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junying Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["SKLP, Institute of Computing Technology, CAS, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SKLP, Institute of Computing Technology, CAS, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101474129","display_name":"Haibin Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2949-2297"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haibin Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["SKLP, Institute of Computing Technology, CAS, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SKLP, Institute of Computing Technology, CAS, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023098180","display_name":"Xiaochun Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4598-1685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaochun Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["SKLP, Institute of Computing Technology, CAS, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4598-1685","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SKLP, Institute of Computing Technology, CAS, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011407484","display_name":"Dongrui Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5219-0908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongrui Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["SKLP, Institute of Computing Technology, CAS, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SKLP, Institute of Computing Technology, CAS, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062800747","display_name":"Tsung-Yi Ho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7348-5625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tsung-Yi Ho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8656,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86126603,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10037","display_name":"Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10037","display_name":"Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10382","display_name":"Quantum and electron transport phenomena","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7018858790397644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-flux-quantum","display_name":"Magnetic flux quantum","score":0.6490015983581543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.6285282969474792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mnist-database","display_name":"MNIST database","score":0.5690658688545227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5628901720046997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5326701402664185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.5089578628540039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xnor-gate","display_name":"XNOR gate","score":0.44853833317756653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4080159664154053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-gate","display_name":"Logic gate","score":0.39468705654144287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.36819738149642944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3405327796936035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nand-gate","display_name":"NAND gate","score":0.2986255884170532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2554960250854492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.24330970644950867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-flux","display_name":"Magnetic flux","score":0.19852322340011597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.18931642174720764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11369079351425171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1136019229888916}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7018858790397644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39197057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2265632","display_name":"Magnetic flux quantum","level":4,"score":0.6490015983581543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.6285282969474792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190502265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069496","display_name":"MNIST database","level":3,"score":0.5690658688545227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5628901720046997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5326701402664185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.5089578628540039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57684291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1336142","display_name":"XNOR gate","level":4,"score":0.44853833317756653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4080159664154053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131017901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170451","display_name":"Logic gate","level":2,"score":0.39468705654144287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.36819738149642944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3405327796936035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124296912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575178","display_name":"NAND gate","level":3,"score":0.2986255884170532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2554960250854492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.24330970644950867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157479481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177831","display_name":"Magnetic flux","level":3,"score":0.19852322340011597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.18931642174720764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11369079351425171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1136019229888916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2022.3215085","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2022.3215085","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","0016-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322847","display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/031141b54"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1576295179","https://openalex.org/W1598658109","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1819622100","https://openalex.org/W1902934009","https://openalex.org/W1965764144","https://openalex.org/W1999784799","https://openalex.org/W2032049415","https://openalex.org/W2070992435","https://openalex.org/W2073466744","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2116924853","https://openalex.org/W2119587409","https://openalex.org/W2123710705","https://openalex.org/W2142109169","https://openalex.org/W2162211413","https://openalex.org/W2188229192","https://openalex.org/W2290548492","https://openalex.org/W2300242332","https://openalex.org/W2319920447","https://openalex.org/W2565125333","https://openalex.org/W2585560244","https://openalex.org/W2606722458","https://openalex.org/W2762651727","https://openalex.org/W2801673960","https://openalex.org/W2894696827","https://openalex.org/W2904282303","https://openalex.org/W2913341486","https://openalex.org/W2922096966","https://openalex.org/W2946942415","https://openalex.org/W2952257392","https://openalex.org/W2963427045","https://openalex.org/W3005602068","https://openalex.org/W3011688936","https://openalex.org/W3012103594","https://openalex.org/W3042746444","https://openalex.org/W3102271837","https://openalex.org/W3138700451","https://openalex.org/W3198438376","https://openalex.org/W3207065996","https://openalex.org/W3214111195","https://openalex.org/W4280520452","https://openalex.org/W6635619892","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6639703010","https://openalex.org/W6698200048","https://openalex.org/W6700264148","https://openalex.org/W6775223859","https://openalex.org/W6926921462"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2038378865","https://openalex.org/W2118522716","https://openalex.org/W1988401387","https://openalex.org/W1998191785","https://openalex.org/W2268302975","https://openalex.org/W2362267522","https://openalex.org/W2808660332","https://openalex.org/W2023237804","https://openalex.org/W1975143933","https://openalex.org/W2160230293"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"a":[1,97,111,153,177],"high-performance":[2],"application":[3],"of":[4,28,118],"low-temperature":[5],"superconductivity,":[6],"superconducting":[7],"single-flux-quantum":[8],"(SFQ)":[9],"circuits":[10],"have":[11,19],"high":[12],"speed":[13],"and":[14,44,53,66,103,138,160],"low-power":[15],"consumption":[16],"characteristics,":[17],"which":[18],"recently":[20],"received":[21],"extensive":[22],"attention,":[23],"especially":[24],"in":[25],"the":[26,86,119,144,147,157,161,166,173,194,199,202],"field":[27],"neural":[29],"network":[30],"inference":[31,78,92],"accelerations.":[32],"Despite":[33],"these":[34],"promising":[35],"advantages,":[36],"they":[37],"are":[38],"still":[39],"limited":[40],"by":[41,186],"storage":[42],"capacity":[43],"manufacture":[45],"reliability,":[46],"making":[47,114],"them":[48],"unfriendly":[49],"for":[50,76,122],"feedback":[51],"loops":[52],"very":[54],"large-scale":[55],"circuits.":[56,82,124],"The":[57],"Binarized":[58,89],"Neural":[59,90],"Network":[60,91],"(BNN),":[61],"with":[62,96],"minimal":[63],"memory":[64],"requirements":[65],"no":[67],"reliance":[68],"on":[69,193],"multiplication,":[70],"is":[71,109,140,150],"undoubtedly":[72],"an":[73,126],"attractive":[74],"candidate":[75],"implementing":[77],"hardware":[79,167],"using":[80,131],"SFQ":[81,107,123,132],"This":[83],"work":[84],"presents":[85],"first":[87],"SFQ-based":[88,127],"accelerator,":[93],"namely":[94],"JBNN,":[95],"new":[98],"representation":[99],"to":[100,142,152,207],"binarize":[101],"weights":[102],"activation":[104],"variables.":[105],"Every":[106],"gate":[108],"essentially":[110],"pipeline":[112],"stage,":[113],"conventional":[115],"design":[116,175,182],"methods":[117],"accumulator":[120],"unsuitable":[121],"So":[125],"accumulative":[128],"parallel":[129],"counter":[130],"logic":[133],"cells":[134],"including":[135],"T1,":[136],"OR,":[137],"AND":[139],"designed":[141],"realize":[143],"accumulation,":[145],"where":[146],"data":[148],"size":[149],"reduced":[151],"quarter":[154],"after":[155],"passing":[156],"XNOR":[158],"column":[159],"AU":[162],"layer,":[163],"largely":[164],"declining":[165],"cost.":[168],"Our":[169],"evaluation":[170],"shows":[171],"that":[172],"proposed":[174],"outperforms":[176],"cryogenic":[178],"CMOS-based":[179],"BNN":[180],"accelerator":[181],"running":[183],"at":[184],"77K":[185],"70.92":[187],"times":[188],"while":[189],"maintaining":[190],"97.89%":[191],"accuracy":[192],"MNIST":[195],"benchmark":[196],"dataset.":[197],"Without":[198],"cooling":[200],"cost,":[201],"power":[203],"efficiency":[204],"increases":[205],"up":[206],"929.18":[208],"times.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
