{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285179542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2022.3174560","title":"Denial-of-Service Vulnerability of Hash-based Transaction Sharding: Attack and Countermeasure","display_name":"Denial-of-Service Vulnerability of Hash-based Transaction Sharding: Attack and Countermeasure","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285179542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2022.3174560"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2022.3174560","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2022.3174560","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.08600","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089015288","display_name":"Truc Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5836-5884"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Truc Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer and Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida, 3463 Gainesville, Florida, United States, 32611-7011"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer and Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida, 3463 Gainesville, Florida, United States, 32611-7011","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005663679","display_name":"My T. Thai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0503-2012"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"My T. Thai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer and Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States, 32611"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer and Information Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States, 32611","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089015288"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.0924,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9566861,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.984000027179718,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9772999882698059,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function","display_name":"Hash function","score":0.7498067617416382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.732683539390564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/countermeasure","display_name":"Countermeasure","score":0.685815691947937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.6561259031295776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6007692217826843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.5671856999397278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.550067126750946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.42515090107917786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3552906811237335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1591317355632782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.09634515643119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08275389671325684}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.7498067617416382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.732683539390564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21593369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1032176","display_name":"Countermeasure","level":2,"score":0.685815691947937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.6561259031295776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6007692217826843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.5671856999397278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.550067126750946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.42515090107917786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3552906811237335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1591317355632782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.09634515643119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08275389671325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2022.3174560","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2022.3174560","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2007.08600","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2007.08600","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.08600","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2007.08600","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2007.08600","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.08600","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499934958","https://openalex.org/W1998496248","https://openalex.org/W2013613544","https://openalex.org/W2104692292","https://openalex.org/W2130507939","https://openalex.org/W2513903144","https://openalex.org/W2535104337","https://openalex.org/W2613137163","https://openalex.org/W2751696670","https://openalex.org/W2792608682","https://openalex.org/W2794533297","https://openalex.org/W2797481382","https://openalex.org/W2897676665","https://openalex.org/W2898893210","https://openalex.org/W2911884917","https://openalex.org/W2917183287","https://openalex.org/W2929034324","https://openalex.org/W2950533520","https://openalex.org/W2955981725","https://openalex.org/W2972190608","https://openalex.org/W2982003166","https://openalex.org/W2982468232","https://openalex.org/W3015450389","https://openalex.org/W3091665258","https://openalex.org/W3093960777","https://openalex.org/W3154548150","https://openalex.org/W3202227545","https://openalex.org/W6743706254","https://openalex.org/W6755481866","https://openalex.org/W6759625968","https://openalex.org/W6761131216"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378749186","https://openalex.org/W2364088131","https://openalex.org/W4386482731","https://openalex.org/W2765763546","https://openalex.org/W4385302085","https://openalex.org/W2360429410","https://openalex.org/W2362741838","https://openalex.org/W4256682929","https://openalex.org/W335511927","https://openalex.org/W2006319822"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"2016,":[1],"sharding":[2,26,45,51,146],"has":[3],"become":[4],"an":[5],"auspicious":[6],"solution":[7],"to":[8,20,41,78,90,138,176],"tackle":[9],"the":[10,23,35,54,99,102,109,120,124,133,158,166,178],"scalability":[11],"issue":[12],"in":[13,52,165],"legacy":[14],"blockchain":[15,24],"systems.":[16],"Despite":[17],"its":[18,29,61,162],"potential":[19],"strongly":[21],"boost":[22],"throughput,":[25],"comes":[27],"with":[28,148],"own":[30],"security":[31,163],"issues.":[32],"To":[33,107],"ease":[34],"process":[36],"of":[37,57,86,101,126,182],"deciding":[38],"which":[39,53],"shard":[40,94],"place":[42],"transactions,":[43],"existing":[44],"protocols":[46],"use":[47,125],"a":[48,58,72,80,84,92,105,115,144,149,154,172],"hash-based":[49,127],"transaction":[50,59,128,145],"hash":[55],"value":[56],"determines":[60],"output":[62],"shard.":[63],"Unfortunately,":[64],"we":[65,113],"show":[66],"that":[67,74,95,117],"this":[68],"mechanism":[69],"opens":[70],"up":[71,97],"loophole":[73,121],"could":[75],"be":[76],"exploited":[77],"conduct":[79],"single-shard":[81,110],"flooding":[82,111],"attack,":[83,89,112],"type":[85],"Denial-of-Service":[87],"(DoS)":[88],"overwhelm":[91],"single":[93],"ends":[96],"reducing":[98],"performance":[100],"system":[103],"as":[104],"whole.":[106],"counter":[108],"propose":[114],"countermeasure":[116,131,159],"essentially":[118],"eliminates":[119],"by":[122],"rejecting":[123],"sharding.":[129],"The":[130],"leverages":[132],"Trusted":[134],"Execution":[135],"Environment":[136],"(TEE)":[137],"let":[139],"blockchain's":[140],"validators":[141],"securely":[142],"execute":[143],"algorithm":[147],"negligible":[150],"overhead.":[151],"We":[152],"provide":[153],"formal":[155],"specification":[156],"for":[157],"and":[160,180],"analyze":[161],"properties":[164],"Universal":[167],"Composability":[168],"(UC)":[169],"framework.":[170],"Finally,":[171],"proof-of-concept":[173],"is":[174],"developed":[175],"demonstrate":[177],"feasibility":[179],"practicality":[181],"our":[183],"solution.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
