{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3135345339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2021.3135752","title":"Evaluation and Optimization of Distributed Machine Learning Techniques for Internet of Things","display_name":"Evaluation and Optimization of Distributed Machine Learning Techniques for Internet of Things","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3135345339","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2021.3135752","mag":"3135345339"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2021.3135752","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2021.3135752","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","0016-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://admin.research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/bb0ba181-46ef-4304-99b4-16da6dcccb98","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101863680","display_name":"Yansong Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5783-2172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yansong Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5783-2172","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100615032","display_name":"Minki Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9390-7255"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["AU","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minki Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Computing, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea","CSIRO, Data61, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Computing, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO, Data61, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I42894916"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004372801","display_name":"Chandra Thapa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3855-3378"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chandra Thapa","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSIRO, Data61, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3855-3378","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO, Data61, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I42894916"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086357020","display_name":"Alsharif Abuadbba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9695-7947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alsharif Abuadbba","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSIRO, Data61, Sydney, NSW, Australia","Cyber Security Cooperative Research Centre, Joondalup, WA, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO, Data61, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I42894916"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyber Security Cooperative Research Centre, Joondalup, WA, Australia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100410710","display_name":"Zhi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3604-5369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSIRO, Data61, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3604-5369","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO, Data61, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I42894916"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084022157","display_name":"Seyit Camtepe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6353-8359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seyit Camtepe","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSIRO, Data61, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6353-8359","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO, Data61, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I42894916"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016563574","display_name":"Hyoungshick Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1605-3866"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["AU","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyoungshick Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Computing, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea","CSIRO, Data61, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1605-3866","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Computing, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO, Data61, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I42894916"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082256444","display_name":"\u202aSurya Nepal\u202c","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3289-6599"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Surya Nepal","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSIRO, Data61, Sydney, NSW, Australia","Cyber Security Cooperative Research Centre, Joondalup, WA, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3289-6599","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO, Data61, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I42894916"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyber Security Cooperative Research Centre, Joondalup, WA, Australia","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5031,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":82,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9717241,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"10","first_page":"2538","last_page":"2552"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8310986161231995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.7798819541931152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.670246422290802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.6562917828559875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6214520335197449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.38999703526496887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1805909276008606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8310986161231995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.7798819541931152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.670246422290802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6562917828559875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6214520335197449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.38999703526496887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1805909276008606}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2021.3135752","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2021.3135752","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","0016-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/bb0ba181-46ef-4304-99b4-16da6dcccb98","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://admin.research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/bb0ba181-46ef-4304-99b4-16da6dcccb98","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402523","display_name":"UWA Profiles and Research Repository (University of Western Australia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","host_organization_name":"The University of Western Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gao, Y, Kim, M, Thapa, C, Abuadbba, A, Zhang, Z, Camtepe, S, Kim, H & Nepal, S 2022, 'Evaluation and Optimization of Distributed Machine Learning Techniques for Internet of Things', IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. 71, no. 10, pp. 2538-2552. https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2021.3135752","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/bb0ba181-46ef-4304-99b4-16da6dcccb98","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/bb0ba181-46ef-4304-99b4-16da6dcccb98","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402523","display_name":"UWA Profiles and Research Repository (University of Western Australia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","host_organization_name":"The University of Western Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Gao , Y , Kim , M , Thapa , C , Abuadbba , A , Zhang , Z , Camtepe , S , Kim , H &amp; Nepal , S 2022 , ' Evaluation and Optimization of Distributed Machine Learning Techniques for Internet of Things ' , IEEE Transactions on Computers , vol. 71 , no. 10 , pp. 2538-2552 . https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2021.3135752","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/bb0ba181-46ef-4304-99b4-16da6dcccb98","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://admin.research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/bb0ba181-46ef-4304-99b4-16da6dcccb98","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402523","display_name":"UWA Profiles and Research Repository (University of Western Australia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","host_organization_name":"The University of Western Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Gao, Y, Kim, M, Thapa, C, Abuadbba, A, Zhang, Z, Camtepe, S, Kim, H & Nepal, S 2022, 'Evaluation and Optimization of Distributed Machine Learning Techniques for Internet of Things', IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. 71, no. 10, pp. 2538-2552. https://doi.org/10.1109/TC.2021.3135752","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G419831423","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20200461","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5898287775","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61991404","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6021406104","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61973161","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7884758391","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62002167","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2060277733","https://openalex.org/W2095409369","https://openalex.org/W2283463896","https://openalex.org/W2291961022","https://openalex.org/W2541884796","https://openalex.org/W2560162835","https://openalex.org/W2610321374","https://openalex.org/W2612445135","https://openalex.org/W2775229114","https://openalex.org/W2794385060","https://openalex.org/W2795354529","https://openalex.org/W2795807997","https://openalex.org/W2886848602","https://openalex.org/W2903957940","https://openalex.org/W2904308246","https://openalex.org/W2913570153","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2946547492","https://openalex.org/W2960833983","https://openalex.org/W2961314609","https://openalex.org/W2963209930","https://openalex.org/W2964323557","https://openalex.org/W2974546631","https://openalex.org/W2977072935","https://openalex.org/W2978709794","https://openalex.org/W2981587265","https://openalex.org/W2982426954","https://openalex.org/W2995022099","https://openalex.org/W3018102029","https://openalex.org/W3021654819","https://openalex.org/W3038022836","https://openalex.org/W3038028469","https://openalex.org/W3045674654","https://openalex.org/W3100777112","https://openalex.org/W3103802018","https://openalex.org/W3105915864","https://openalex.org/W3106416029","https://openalex.org/W3107794213","https://openalex.org/W3117482727","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3214568394","https://openalex.org/W4206354626","https://openalex.org/W4287812080","https://openalex.org/W4289147263","https://openalex.org/W4297775537","https://openalex.org/W4297779784","https://openalex.org/W4297791730","https://openalex.org/W4318619660","https://openalex.org/W6694693775","https://openalex.org/W6728757088","https://openalex.org/W6737664043","https://openalex.org/W6756436328","https://openalex.org/W6757118068","https://openalex.org/W6759226220","https://openalex.org/W6759238902","https://openalex.org/W6762718338","https://openalex.org/W6763230363","https://openalex.org/W6765541894","https://openalex.org/W6768234139","https://openalex.org/W6775817643","https://openalex.org/W6787972765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W4313488044","https://openalex.org/W3209574120","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4210805261"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Federated":[0],"learning":[1,5,11,16,59,78,110],"(FL)":[2],"and":[3,51,65,103,123,135,137,155,193,200,238],"split":[4],"(SL)":[6],"are":[7,105],"state-of-the-art":[8],"distributed":[9],"machine":[10,15],"techniques":[12,223],"to":[13,107,112,144,204,224,232],"enable":[14],"training":[17,30,120,149,183,199],"without":[18],"accessing":[19],"raw":[20],"data":[21,63,89,99],"on":[22,140],"clients":[23],"or":[24],"end":[25],"devices.":[26,161],"However,":[27],"their":[28,116,146],"comparative":[29],"performance":[31,60,79],"under":[32,86,95],"real-world":[33,54],"resource-restricted":[34,159],"Internet":[35],"of":[36,49,80,115,121,128,177,181,197,211],"Things":[37],"(IoT)":[38],"device":[39],"settings":[40,56],"remains":[41],"barely":[42],"studied.":[43],"This":[44],"work":[45,74,131],"provides":[46],"empirical":[47],"comparisons":[48],"FL":[50,85,94,102,122],"SL":[52,81,104,237],"in":[53,72],"IoT":[55,160,212],"regarding":[57],"(i)":[58],"with":[61,158,207],"heterogeneous":[62],"distributions":[64],"(ii)":[66],"on-device":[67,125],"execution":[68],"overhead.":[69],"Our":[70,130],"analyses":[71],"this":[73],"demonstrate":[75],"that":[76],"the":[77,175,185,216,227,236],"is":[82,202],"better":[83],"than":[84,93],"an":[87,96],"imbalanced":[88],"distribution":[90],"but":[91],"worse":[92],"extreme":[97],"non-IID":[98],"distribution.":[100],"Recently,":[101],"combined":[106],"form":[108],"splitfed":[109],"(SFL)":[111],"leverage":[113],"each":[114],"benefits":[117],"(e.g.,":[118],"parallel":[119,194],"lightweight":[124],"computation":[126],"requirement":[127],"SL).":[129],"considers":[132],"FL,":[133],"SL,":[134],"SFL,":[136],"mounts":[138],"them":[139],"Raspberry":[141],"Pi":[142],"devices":[143],"evaluate":[145],"performance,":[147],"including":[148],"time,":[150],"communication":[151,228],"overhead,":[152],"power":[153],"consumption,":[154],"memory":[156],"usage":[157],"Besides":[162],"evaluations,":[163],"we":[164,169,220],"apply":[165],"two":[166],"optimizations.":[167],"First,":[168],"generalize":[170],"SFL":[171,189],"by":[172,230],"carefully":[173],"examining":[174],"possibility":[176],"a":[178,205,208],"hybrid":[179],"type":[180],"model":[182,198],"at":[184,215],"server-side.":[186],"The":[187],"generalized":[188],"merges":[190],"sequential":[191],"(dependent)":[192],"(independent)":[195],"processes":[196],"thus":[201],"beneficial":[203],"system":[206],"large":[209],"scale":[210],"devices,":[213],"specifically":[214],"server-side":[217],"operations.":[218],"Second,":[219],"propose":[221],"pragmatic":[222],"substantially":[225],"reduce":[226],"overhead":[229],"up":[231],"four":[233],"times":[234],"for":[235],"(generalized)":[239],"SFL.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
