{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3128388743","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2021.3057331","title":"Efficient Software Implementation of the SIKE Protocol Using a New Data Representation","display_name":"Efficient Software Implementation of the SIKE Protocol Using a New Data Representation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3128388743","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2021.3057331","mag":"3128388743"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2021.3057331","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2021.3057331","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046054983","display_name":"Jing Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2402-523X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jing Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030074376","display_name":"Piaoyang Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Piaoyang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100462347","display_name":"Zhe Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8578-2635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019940239","display_name":"Jun Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2760-4333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100696999","display_name":"Zhongfeng Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongfeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054354418","display_name":"Johann Grosschadl","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johann Grosschadl","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046054983"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2754,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89780288,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"3","first_page":"670","last_page":"683"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isogeny","display_name":"Isogeny","score":0.8237793445587158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7704539895057678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-encapsulation","display_name":"Key encapsulation","score":0.7158613801002502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4385480284690857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3731057345867157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3421579897403717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.3396793603897095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elliptic-curve","display_name":"Elliptic curve","score":0.2381705343723297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21011775732040405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.20652949810028076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symmetric-key-algorithm","display_name":"Symmetric-key algorithm","score":0.18212774395942688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1661657989025116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.09769371151924133}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779765290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1674414","display_name":"Isogeny","level":3,"score":0.8237793445587158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7704539895057678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35181327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398156","display_name":"Key encapsulation","level":5,"score":0.7158613801002502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4385480284690857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3731057345867157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3421579897403717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.3396793603897095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179603306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q268493","display_name":"Elliptic curve","level":2,"score":0.2381705343723297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21011775732040405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.20652949810028076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65302260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327675","display_name":"Symmetric-key algorithm","level":4,"score":0.18212774395942688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1661657989025116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.09769371151924133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2021.3057331","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2021.3057331","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1941337620","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"021014380065","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4112626697","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61774082","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4858913202","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020AAA0107703","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G664217264","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61802180","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6731632410","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20180421","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W43667552","https://openalex.org/W1498685334","https://openalex.org/W1550170577","https://openalex.org/W1573824426","https://openalex.org/W2001121794","https://openalex.org/W2003736153","https://openalex.org/W2004814164","https://openalex.org/W2021394614","https://openalex.org/W2052435632","https://openalex.org/W2083368929","https://openalex.org/W2087957223","https://openalex.org/W2137147061","https://openalex.org/W2405465264","https://openalex.org/W2495331295","https://openalex.org/W2540113050","https://openalex.org/W2552090562","https://openalex.org/W2605112356","https://openalex.org/W2620562333","https://openalex.org/W2620720392","https://openalex.org/W2740966734","https://openalex.org/W2767802821","https://openalex.org/W2790801128","https://openalex.org/W2809876870","https://openalex.org/W2895182117","https://openalex.org/W2901241775","https://openalex.org/W2903772547","https://openalex.org/W2915600699","https://openalex.org/W2922021028","https://openalex.org/W2966712301","https://openalex.org/W3011837006","https://openalex.org/W3047479989","https://openalex.org/W3082062169","https://openalex.org/W4232836212","https://openalex.org/W4243779250","https://openalex.org/W4406256860","https://openalex.org/W6766698820"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2964026421","https://openalex.org/W3035624381","https://openalex.org/W4285189587","https://openalex.org/W3194061778","https://openalex.org/W3136017984","https://openalex.org/W4319158827","https://openalex.org/W3024869997","https://openalex.org/W4301447785","https://openalex.org/W4380077763","https://openalex.org/W3031061829"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Thanks":[0],"to":[1,46,164,234,240,262],"relatively":[2],"small":[3],"public":[4],"and":[5,33,128,161,182,221,252,258],"secret":[6],"keys,":[7],"the":[8,18,23,28,47,66,70,74,79,85,125,151,165,169,183,200,204,214],"Supersingular":[9],"Isogeny":[10],"Key":[11],"Encapsulation":[12],"(SIKE)":[13],"protocol":[14,68],"made":[15],"it":[16],"into":[17],"third":[19],"evaluation":[20],"round":[21],"of":[22,27,31,41,50,65,108,121,168,202,218,247],"post-quantum":[24],"standardization":[25],"project":[26],"National":[29],"Institute":[30],"Standards":[32],"Technology":[34],"(NIST).":[35],"Even":[36],"though":[37],"a":[38,98,112,188,242,245],"large":[39],"body":[40],"research":[42],"has":[43],"been":[44],"devoted":[45],"efficient":[48],"implementation":[49,186,217],"SIKE,":[51],"its":[52],"latency":[53],"is":[54,83,111,208],"still":[55],"undesirably":[56],"long":[57],"for":[58,73,88,102,199,229,254],"many":[59],"real-world":[60],"applications.":[61],"Most":[62],"existing":[63],"implementations":[64,120],"SIKE":[67,110,170],"use":[69],"Montgomery":[71,126,219],"representation":[72,101,116,153,223],"underlying":[75],"field":[76],"arithmetic":[77,132,146],"since":[78],"corresponding":[80],"reduction":[81,123,206],"algorithm":[82,207],"considered":[84],"fastest":[86],"method":[87],"performing":[89],"multiple-precision":[90],"modular":[91,122],"reduction.":[92],"In":[93],"this":[94],"paper,":[95],"we":[96,178,237],"propose":[97],"new":[99,115],"data":[100,141],"supersingular":[103],"isogeny-based":[104],"Elliptic-Curve":[105],"Cryptography":[106],"(ECC),":[107],"which":[109],"sub-class.":[113],"This":[114],"enables":[117,225],"significantly":[118,226],"faster":[119,212],"than":[124,213],"reduction,":[127,220],"also":[129,224],"other":[130,230],"finite-field":[131,231],"operations":[133,147],"used":[134],"in":[135,148],"ECC":[136],"can":[137],"benefit":[138],"from":[139],"our":[140,180,222],"representation.":[142],"We":[143],"implemented":[144],"all":[145],"C":[149],"using":[150],"proposed":[152,205],"such":[154],"that":[155],"they":[156],"have":[157],"constant":[158],"execution":[159],"time":[160],"integrated":[162],"them":[163],"latest":[166],"version":[167],"software":[171],"library.":[172],"Using":[173],"four":[174],"different":[175],"parameters":[176],"sets,":[177],"benchmarked":[179],"design":[181],"optimized":[184],"generic":[185,264],"on":[187],"2.6":[189],"GHz":[190],"Intel":[191],"Xeon":[192],"E5-2690":[193],"processor.":[194],"Our":[195],"results":[196],"show":[197],"that,":[198],"prime":[201],"SIKEp751,":[203,255],"approximately":[209],"2.61":[210],"times":[211],"currently":[215],"best":[216],"better":[227],"timings":[228],"operations.":[232],"Due":[233],"these":[235],"improvements,":[236],"were":[238],"able":[239],"achieve":[241],"speed-up":[243],"by":[244],"factor":[246],"about":[248],"1.65,":[249],"2.03,":[250],"1.61,":[251],"1.48":[253],"SIKEp610,":[256],"SIKEp503,":[257],"SIKEp434,":[259],"respectively,":[260],"compared":[261],"state-of-the-art":[263],"implementations.":[265]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}