{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3047846843","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2020.3014632","title":"EnGN: A High-Throughput and Energy-Efficient Accelerator for Large Graph Neural Networks","display_name":"EnGN: A High-Throughput and Energy-Efficient Accelerator for Large Graph Neural Networks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3047846843","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2020.3014632","mag":"3047846843"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2020.3014632","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2020.3014632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018381533","display_name":"Shengwen Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8407-2594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shengwen Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100346965","display_name":"Ying Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5172-4736"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100384309","display_name":"Cheng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5542-7306"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101456343","display_name":"Lei He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3127-3266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100768288","display_name":"Huawei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8082-4218"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huawei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113333699","display_name":"Dawen Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dawen Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023380073","display_name":"Xiaowei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0874-814X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaowei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018381533"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.8155,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":164,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99185877,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"9","first_page":"1511","last_page":"1525"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12292","display_name":"Graph Theory and Algorithms","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8017587065696716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dataflow","display_name":"Dataflow","score":0.6792353987693787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speedup","display_name":"Speedup","score":0.6366710662841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5474744439125061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.4198755919933319}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8017587065696716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96324660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205446","display_name":"Dataflow","level":2,"score":0.6792353987693787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.6366710662841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5474744439125061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.4198755919933319}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2020.3014632","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2020.3014632","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1400328712","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018AAA0102700","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2122852399","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61532017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2224793458","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61772300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6461621013","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61902375","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7106102081","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61876173","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8235680439","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61874124","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482680420","https://openalex.org/W1832683484","https://openalex.org/W2034861439","https://openalex.org/W2152839228","https://openalex.org/W2175110005","https://openalex.org/W2285660444","https://openalex.org/W2519887557","https://openalex.org/W2566870951","https://openalex.org/W2567070169","https://openalex.org/W2604314403","https://openalex.org/W2604319603","https://openalex.org/W2605277971","https://openalex.org/W2606780347","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2761132374","https://openalex.org/W2781626870","https://openalex.org/W2788962621","https://openalex.org/W2807714896","https://openalex.org/W2906731962","https://openalex.org/W2907492528","https://openalex.org/W2918342466","https://openalex.org/W2950898568","https://openalex.org/W2951136539","https://openalex.org/W2962767366","https://openalex.org/W2963406064","https://openalex.org/W2963695795","https://openalex.org/W2963970792","https://openalex.org/W2964015378","https://openalex.org/W2964571482","https://openalex.org/W2971933740","https://openalex.org/W2980039165","https://openalex.org/W2983151062","https://openalex.org/W3004208721","https://openalex.org/W3017228913","https://openalex.org/W3152893301","https://openalex.org/W4210257598","https://openalex.org/W4241140669","https://openalex.org/W4288419263","https://openalex.org/W4294558607","https://openalex.org/W6638659379","https://openalex.org/W6690815549","https://openalex.org/W6726873649","https://openalex.org/W6731370813","https://openalex.org/W6736126653","https://openalex.org/W6736685754","https://openalex.org/W6738964360","https://openalex.org/W6747417605","https://openalex.org/W6748469543","https://openalex.org/W6748799445","https://openalex.org/W6757374366","https://openalex.org/W6757449384","https://openalex.org/W6760045743","https://openalex.org/W6764171799","https://openalex.org/W6767710714"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2187181201","https://openalex.org/W2317245370","https://openalex.org/W4249323025","https://openalex.org/W198851386","https://openalex.org/W1980160788","https://openalex.org/W2030310580","https://openalex.org/W947442053","https://openalex.org/W2148915962","https://openalex.org/W4313433561","https://openalex.org/W2283866686"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Graph":[0],"neural":[1],"networks":[2,26],"(GNNs)":[3],"emerge":[4],"as":[5,24,103],"a":[6,72,143,194],"powerful":[7,18],"approach":[8],"to":[9,46,77,91,135,147,190],"process":[10],"non-euclidean":[11],"data":[12,32],"structures":[13],"and":[14,27,41,53,60,65,80,131,153,166,177,179,185,193],"have":[15],"been":[16],"proved":[17],"in":[19,34],"various":[20],"application":[21],"domains":[22],"such":[23,30],"social":[25],"e-commerce.":[28],"While":[29],"graph":[31,144],"maintained":[33],"real-world":[35],"systems":[36],"can":[37],"be":[38],"extremely":[39],"large":[40,149],"sparse,":[42],"thus":[43],"employing":[44],"GNNs":[45],"deal":[47],"with":[48],"them":[49],"requires":[50],"substantial":[51],"computational":[52],"memory":[54],"overhead,":[55],"which":[56,100],"induces":[57],"considerable":[58],"energy":[59,180],"resource":[61],"cost":[62],"on":[63,187],"CPUs":[64],"GPUs.":[66],"In":[67,139],"this":[68],"article,":[69],"we":[70,117,141],"present":[71],"specialized":[73],"accelerator":[74,197],"architecture,":[75],"EnGN,":[76],"enable":[78],"high-throughput":[79],"energy-efficient":[81],"processing":[82],"of":[83,97,127,157],"large-scale":[84],"GNNs.":[85,110],"The":[86],"proposed":[87],"EnGN":[88,152,170],"is":[89,101],"designed":[90],"accelerate":[92],"the":[93,113,119,124,132,158],"three":[94],"key":[95,114],"stages":[96,115],"GNN":[98],"propagation,":[99],"abstracted":[102],"common":[104],"computing":[105],"patterns":[106],"shared":[107],"by":[108,174,182],"typical":[109],"To":[111],"support":[112],"simultaneously,":[116],"propose":[118],"ring-edge-reduce(RER)":[120],"dataflow":[121],"that":[122],"tames":[123],"poor":[125],"locality":[126],"sparsely-and-randomly":[128],"connected":[129],"vertices,":[130],"RER":[133,137],"PE-array":[134],"practice":[136],"dataflow.":[138],"addition,":[140],"utilize":[142],"tiling":[145],"strategy":[146],"fit":[148],"graphs":[150],"into":[151],"make":[154],"good":[155],"use":[156],"hierarchical":[159],"on-chip":[160],"buffers":[161],"through":[162],"adaptive":[163],"computation":[164],"reordering":[165],"tile":[167],"scheduling.":[168],"Overall,":[169],"achieves":[171],"performance":[172],"speedup":[173],"1802.9X,":[175],"19.75X,":[176],"2.97X":[178],"efficiency":[181],"1326.35X,":[183],"304.43X,":[184],"6.2X":[186],"average":[188],"compared":[189],"CPU,":[191],"GPU,":[192],"state-of-the-art":[195],"GCN":[196],"HyGCN,":[198],"respectively.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
