{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3028516757","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2020.2995638","title":"<i>VISE</i>: Combining Intel SGX and Homomorphic Encryption for Cloud Industrial Control Systems","display_name":"<i>VISE</i>: Combining Intel SGX and Homomorphic Encryption for Cloud Industrial Control Systems","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3028516757","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2020.2995638","mag":"3028516757"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2020.2995638","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2020.2995638","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048702602","display_name":"Luigi Coppolino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2079-8713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183638586","display_name":"Parthenope University of Naples","ror":"https://ror.org/05pcv4v03","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luigi Coppolino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, University of Naples \u2018Parthenope\u2019, Napoli, NA, Italy","Department of Engineering, University of Naples 'Parthenope', Napoli, NA, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2079-8713","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Naples \u2018Parthenope\u2019, Napoli, NA, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Naples 'Parthenope', Napoli, NA, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053058934","display_name":"Salvatore D\u2019Antonio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9327-0138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183638586","display_name":"Parthenope University of Naples","ror":"https://ror.org/05pcv4v03","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salvatore D'Antonio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, University of Naples 'Parthenope', Napoli, NA, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Naples 'Parthenope', Napoli, NA, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015185649","display_name":"Valerio Formicola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1166-4729"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183638586","display_name":"Parthenope University of Naples","ror":"https://ror.org/05pcv4v03","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valerio Formicola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, University of Naples \u2018Parthenope\u2019, Napoli, NA, Italy","Department of Engineering, University of Naples 'Parthenope', Napoli, NA, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Naples \u2018Parthenope\u2019, Napoli, NA, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Naples 'Parthenope', Napoli, NA, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091367151","display_name":"Giovanni Mazzeo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0238-5616"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183638586","display_name":"Parthenope University of Naples","ror":"https://ror.org/05pcv4v03","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Mazzeo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, University of Naples \u2018Parthenope\u2019, Napoli, NA, Italy","Department of Engineering, University of Naples 'Parthenope', Napoli, NA, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0238-5616","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Naples \u2018Parthenope\u2019, Napoli, NA, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Naples 'Parthenope', Napoli, NA, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023170439","display_name":"Luigi Romano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2571-8572"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183638586","display_name":"Parthenope University of Naples","ror":"https://ror.org/05pcv4v03","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luigi Romano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, University of Naples \u2018Parthenope\u2019, Napoli, NA, Italy","Department of Engineering, University of Naples 'Parthenope', Napoli, NA, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2571-8572","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Naples \u2018Parthenope\u2019, Napoli, NA, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Naples 'Parthenope', Napoli, NA, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7082,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9206797,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"5","first_page":"711","last_page":"724"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.874538779258728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usable","display_name":"USable","score":0.7273714542388916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphic-encryption","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","score":0.6606914401054382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.6546977162361145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.5999718308448792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ciphertext","display_name":"Ciphertext","score":0.502809464931488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.5015921592712402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4975889027118683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.42946675419807434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.42251697182655334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.09740021824836731}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.874538779258728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780615836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2471869","display_name":"USable","level":2,"score":0.7273714542388916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158338273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154943","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","level":3,"score":0.6606914401054382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.6546977162361145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5999718308448792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93974786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1589480","display_name":"Ciphertext","level":3,"score":0.502809464931488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.5015921592712402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4975889027118683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.42946675419807434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.42251697182655334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.09740021824836731}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2020.2995638","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2020.2995638","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ricerca.uniparthenope.it:11367/84978","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11367/84978","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196432","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (Parthenope University of Naples)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I183638586","host_organization_name":"Parthenope University of Naples","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338349","display_name":"H2020 Society","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W76828661","https://openalex.org/W1589772082","https://openalex.org/W1633140981","https://openalex.org/W2031533839","https://openalex.org/W2033050620","https://openalex.org/W2036329595","https://openalex.org/W2083446371","https://openalex.org/W2103478379","https://openalex.org/W2112735498","https://openalex.org/W2115679128","https://openalex.org/W2129586531","https://openalex.org/W2150620897","https://openalex.org/W2156030242","https://openalex.org/W2164327070","https://openalex.org/W2175377689","https://openalex.org/W2271567685","https://openalex.org/W2308730378","https://openalex.org/W2397423248","https://openalex.org/W2507636491","https://openalex.org/W2519006453","https://openalex.org/W2554916058","https://openalex.org/W2570150511","https://openalex.org/W2594110158","https://openalex.org/W2606774910","https://openalex.org/W2751084832","https://openalex.org/W2768174108","https://openalex.org/W2794796225","https://openalex.org/W2899409651","https://openalex.org/W2915050524","https://openalex.org/W2922119900","https://openalex.org/W2941363285","https://openalex.org/W2942255051","https://openalex.org/W2945018059","https://openalex.org/W2948492459","https://openalex.org/W2963269218","https://openalex.org/W3104608106","https://openalex.org/W4255015421","https://openalex.org/W6712237015","https://openalex.org/W6729955985","https://openalex.org/W6755966691","https://openalex.org/W6763022551"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2982321410","https://openalex.org/W95465806","https://openalex.org/W2392004567","https://openalex.org/W2046296964","https://openalex.org/W2947510282","https://openalex.org/W2363701519","https://openalex.org/W2601739120","https://openalex.org/W2292786713","https://openalex.org/W3212491810","https://openalex.org/W2887779253"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Protecting":[0],"data-in-use":[1],"from":[2],"privileged":[3],"attackers":[4],"is":[5,36,49,69,87,97],"challenging.":[6],"New":[7],"CPU":[8],"extensions":[9],"(notably:":[10],"Intel":[11,58],"SGX)":[12],"and":[13,127,156,179],"cryptographic":[14],"techniques":[15],"(specifically:":[16],"Homomorphic":[17],"Encryption)":[18],"can":[19],"guarantee":[20],"privacy":[21],"even":[22],"in":[23,63,91,98,132,150,186],"untrusted":[24],"third-party":[25],"systems.":[26],"HE":[27,45,143,162],"allows":[28,60],"sensitive":[29,61,142,159],"processing":[30,62,160],"on":[31,161],"ciphered":[32],"data.":[33],"However,":[34],"it":[35,68],"affected":[37],"by":[38],"i)":[39,70],"a":[40,64,133,151,183],"dramatic":[41],"ciphertext":[42],"expansion":[43],"making":[44,77],"unusable":[46,79],"when":[47,80],"bandwidth":[48],"narrow,":[50],"ii)":[51,89],"unverifiable":[52],"conditional":[53],"variables":[54],"requiring":[55],"off-premises":[56],"support.":[57],"SGX":[59,78,154],"secure":[65],"enclave.":[66],"Unfortunately,":[67],"strictly":[71],"bonded":[72],"to":[73,123,147],"the":[74,81,109,119,139,148,164,167,176,187,195,198],"hosting":[75],"server":[76],"live":[82],"migration":[83],"of":[84,93,141,182,197],"cloud":[85,135,149],"VMs/Containers":[86],"desirable,":[88],"limited":[90],"terms":[92],"usable":[94,131],"memory,":[95],"which":[96],"contrast":[99],"with":[100],"resource-consuming":[101],"data":[102],"processing.":[103],"In":[104],"this":[105],"article,":[106],"we":[107],"propose":[108],"VIrtual":[110],"Secure":[111],"Enclave":[112],"(VISE),":[113],"an":[114],"approach":[115],"that":[116,173],"effectively":[117],"combines":[118],"two":[120],"aforementioned":[121],"techniques,":[122],"overcome":[124],"their":[125],"limitations":[126],"ultimately":[128],"make":[129],"them":[130],"typical":[134],"setup.":[136],"VISE":[137,174],"moves":[138],"execution":[140],"primitives":[144],"(e.g.,":[145],"encryption)":[146],"remotely":[152],"attested":[153],"enclave,":[155],"then":[157],"performs":[158],"data-outside":[163],"enclave-leveraging":[165],"all":[166],"memory":[168],"resources":[169],"available.":[170],"We":[171],"demonstrate":[172],"meets":[175],"challenging":[177],"security":[178],"performance":[180],"requirements":[181],"substantial":[184],"application":[185],"Industrial":[188],"Control":[189],"Systems":[190],"domain.":[191],"Our":[192],"experiments":[193],"prove":[194],"practicability":[196],"proposed":[199],"solution.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2020-05-29T00:00:00"}