{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2791898189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2018.2801847","title":"Mitigating Observability Loss of Toggle-Based <i>X</i>-Masking via Scan Chain Partitioning","display_name":"Mitigating Observability Loss of Toggle-Based <i>X</i>-Masking via Scan Chain Partitioning","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-02-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2791898189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2018.2801847","mag":"2791898189"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2018.2801847","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2018.2801847","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","0016-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026846247","display_name":"Sae-Eun Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sae-Eun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Semiconductor and Display Department, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Semiconductor and Display Department, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006563419","display_name":"Jaeyong Chung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5819-1995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146429904","display_name":"Incheon National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xf7p935","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146429904"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaeyong Chung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5819-1995","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146429904"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026627679","display_name":"Joon-Sung Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1502-5353"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joon-Sung Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Semiconductor Systems Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1502-5353","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Semiconductor Systems Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2306,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47136457,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"8","first_page":"1184","last_page":"1192"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11338","display_name":"Advancements in Photolithography Techniques","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/huffman-coding","display_name":"Huffman coding","score":0.8209317326545715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scan-chain","display_name":"Scan chain","score":0.8134565353393555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7503787875175476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/masking","display_name":"Masking (illustration)","score":0.6762101650238037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5963702201843262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observability","display_name":"Observability","score":0.5294803380966187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5271480083465576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.46216699481010437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.41540318727493286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-compression","display_name":"Data compression","score":0.36086246371269226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3235620856285095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16452288627624512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-circuit","display_name":"Integrated circuit","score":0.10727861523628235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08604419231414795}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46900642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2647","display_name":"Huffman coding","level":3,"score":0.8209317326545715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150012182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q225990","display_name":"Scan chain","level":3,"score":0.8134565353393555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7503787875175476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777402240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6783436","display_name":"Masking (illustration)","level":2,"score":0.6762101650238037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5963702201843262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36299963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369844","display_name":"Observability","level":2,"score":0.5294803380966187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5271480083465576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.46216699481010437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.41540318727493286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78548338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493","display_name":"Data compression","level":2,"score":0.36086246371269226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3235620856285095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16452288627624512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530198007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80831","display_name":"Integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.10727861523628235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08604419231414795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2018.2801847","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2018.2801847","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","0016-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3941043832","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N0001883","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322064","funder_display_name":"Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4630490796","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2015R1D1A1A01058856","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/008nkqk13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322064","display_name":"Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/015w1qa96"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1576951655","https://openalex.org/W1592824829","https://openalex.org/W1863819993","https://openalex.org/W1993733240","https://openalex.org/W2041350247","https://openalex.org/W2065222197","https://openalex.org/W2087365878","https://openalex.org/W2109401266","https://openalex.org/W2110490782","https://openalex.org/W2118512592","https://openalex.org/W2118837788","https://openalex.org/W2131694824","https://openalex.org/W2133543307","https://openalex.org/W2135819406","https://openalex.org/W2148366556","https://openalex.org/W2153336129","https://openalex.org/W2161045522","https://openalex.org/W2162765851","https://openalex.org/W2165030600","https://openalex.org/W2169280266","https://openalex.org/W2185881956","https://openalex.org/W2401534526","https://openalex.org/W2516697505","https://openalex.org/W2523211787","https://openalex.org/W4240097130","https://openalex.org/W6683407201","https://openalex.org/W6687083206"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2169611555","https://openalex.org/W2112638797","https://openalex.org/W2011446102","https://openalex.org/W2143404021","https://openalex.org/W2337581757","https://openalex.org/W2352725890","https://openalex.org/W3119430538","https://openalex.org/W2158701093","https://openalex.org/W2756410301","https://openalex.org/W2940117070"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,52,68],"Toggle-based":[1,49],"X-masking":[2],"method":[3,56,89,140],"requires":[4],"a":[5,9,14,28,35,58,112,119,163],"single":[6],"toggle":[7],"at":[8],"given":[10],"cycle,":[11],"there":[12],"is":[13,40,78,83,90,133],"chance":[15],"that":[16,62,72,141],"non-Xvalues":[17],"are":[18,156],"also":[19,157],"masked.":[20],"Hence,":[21],"the":[22,64,73,87,97,104,128,137,160],"non-Xvalue":[23],"over-masking":[24,45],"problem":[25,46],"may":[26],"cause":[27],"fault":[29],"coverage":[30],"degradation.":[31],"In":[32,146],"this":[33,116],"paper,":[34],"scan":[36,53,59,100],"chain":[37,54,60,101],"partitioning":[38,55],"scheme":[39],"described":[41],"to":[42,153],"alleviate":[43],"non-Xbit":[44],"arising":[47],"from":[48],"X-Masking":[50],"method.":[51,94],"finds":[57],"combination":[61],"gives":[63],"least":[65],"toggling":[66],"conflicts.":[67],"experimental":[69],"results":[70],"show":[71],"amount":[74],"of":[75,99,130,150],"over-masked":[76],"bits":[77,132],"significantly":[79],"reduced,":[80],"and":[81],"it":[82],"further":[84],"reduced":[85],"when":[86],"proposed":[88],"incorporated":[91],"with":[92],"X-canceling":[93],"However,":[95],"as":[96],"number":[98],"partitions":[102],"increases,":[103],"control":[105,113,131],"data":[106,114,123],"for":[107],"decoder":[108],"increases.":[109],"To":[110],"reduce":[111],"overhead,":[115],"paper":[117],"exploits":[118],"Huffman":[120],"coding":[121],"based":[122],"compression.":[124],"Assuming":[125],"two":[126],"partitions,":[127],"size":[129],"even":[134],"smaller":[135],"than":[136],"conventional":[138],"X-toggling":[139],"uses":[142],"only":[143],"one":[144],"decoder.":[145],"addition,":[147],"selection":[148,161],"rules":[149],"X-bits":[151],"delivered":[152],"X-Canceling":[154],"MISR":[155],"proposed.":[158],"With":[159],"rules,":[162],"significant":[164],"test":[165],"time":[166],"increase":[167],"can":[168],"be":[169],"prevented.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}