{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2760378281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2017.2754381","title":"Towards the Design of Efficient and Consistent Index Structure with Minimal Write Activities for Non-Volatile Memory","display_name":"Towards the Design of Efficient and Consistent Index Structure with Minimal Write Activities for Non-Volatile Memory","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-09-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2760378281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2017.2754381","mag":"2760378281"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2017.2754381","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2017.2754381","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","0016-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077381252","display_name":"Edwin H.\u2010M. Sha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5605-5631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edwin Hsing-Mean Sha","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5605-5631","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019027088","display_name":"Weiwen Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9004-487X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiwen Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9004-487X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086223631","display_name":"Hailiang Dong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hailiang Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069210056","display_name":"Zhulin Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3439-3570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhulin Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3439-3570","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102025390","display_name":"Runyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3732-5098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Runyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030718577","display_name":"Xianzhang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8987-377X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianzhang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8987-377X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005358696","display_name":"Qingfeng Zhuge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1107-3470"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingfeng Zhuge","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai Shi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1107-3470","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai Shi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1956,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64587143,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"3","first_page":"432","last_page":"448"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.823223352432251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine-indexing","display_name":"Search engine indexing","score":0.6767081618309021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-structure","display_name":"Data structure","score":0.656697154045105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-volatile-memory","display_name":"Non-volatile memory","score":0.579497754573822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.5580835938453674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache","display_name":"Cache","score":0.4995598793029785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.4324834942817688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-structure","display_name":"Tree structure","score":0.42024892568588257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.28923189640045166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.2561679780483246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.25343549251556396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.14992594718933105}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.823223352432251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75165309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979","display_name":"Search engine indexing","level":2,"score":0.6767081618309021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162319229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175263","display_name":"Data structure","level":2,"score":0.656697154045105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177950962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10997658","display_name":"Non-volatile memory","level":2,"score":0.579497754573822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.5580835938453674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115537543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165596","display_name":"Cache","level":2,"score":0.4995598793029785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4324834942817688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163797641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2067937","display_name":"Tree structure","level":3,"score":0.42024892568588257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.28923189640045166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.2561679780483246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.25343549251556396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.14992594718933105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2017.2754381","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2017.2754381","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","0016-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2047720370","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61472052","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7450386373","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201706050116","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W172108465","https://openalex.org/W179608396","https://openalex.org/W241684218","https://openalex.org/W1422898865","https://openalex.org/W1437323374","https://openalex.org/W1567210335","https://openalex.org/W1816580784","https://openalex.org/W1979943645","https://openalex.org/W1985229168","https://openalex.org/W1987201308","https://openalex.org/W1988852271","https://openalex.org/W1989741444","https://openalex.org/W1992755462","https://openalex.org/W2000813460","https://openalex.org/W2006798699","https://openalex.org/W2015194563","https://openalex.org/W2062487414","https://openalex.org/W2065310177","https://openalex.org/W2078260102","https://openalex.org/W2091829363","https://openalex.org/W2097823832","https://openalex.org/W2112753327","https://openalex.org/W2116826022","https://openalex.org/W2130301020","https://openalex.org/W2145148249","https://openalex.org/W2150662965","https://openalex.org/W2157808045","https://openalex.org/W2160404300","https://openalex.org/W2171724053","https://openalex.org/W2282225439","https://openalex.org/W2294111665","https://openalex.org/W2344219385","https://openalex.org/W2396406070","https://openalex.org/W2398564056","https://openalex.org/W2414992661","https://openalex.org/W2508758156","https://openalex.org/W2610308442","https://openalex.org/W3099470245","https://openalex.org/W4232100484","https://openalex.org/W4254305400","https://openalex.org/W6606993022","https://openalex.org/W6607267220","https://openalex.org/W6609370196","https://openalex.org/W6628393877","https://openalex.org/W6633610439","https://openalex.org/W6679387369","https://openalex.org/W6695654562","https://openalex.org/W6712319493","https://openalex.org/W6713031483"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2145355078","https://openalex.org/W2358174538","https://openalex.org/W2047015677","https://openalex.org/W2372453241","https://openalex.org/W2371387875","https://openalex.org/W2531660186","https://openalex.org/W1987871343","https://openalex.org/W2064670891","https://openalex.org/W1508699539","https://openalex.org/W2025988984"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Index":[0],"structures":[1],"can":[2,167],"significantly":[3],"accelerate":[4],"the":[5,32,46,57,88,92,103,121,129,159,183,192,251],"data":[6,10,123,137,176,193],"retrieval":[7,138],"operations":[8],"in":[9,43,84,115,179,195,223],"intensive":[11],"systems,":[12,181],"such":[13,18,68,162],"as":[14,19,25,108,110],"databases.":[15],"Tree":[16],"structures,":[17],"B+-tree":[20],"alike,":[21],"are":[22,233,254],"commonly":[23],"employed":[24],"index":[26,59,69,76,104,113],"structures;":[27],"however,":[28],"we":[29,144,171],"found":[30],"that":[31,163,247],"tree":[33],"structure":[34,60,77,105,131],"may":[35,188,197],"not":[36],"be":[37,98,107,168,189,198],"appropriate":[38],"for":[39,48,61],"Non-Volatile":[40],"Memory":[41],"(NVM)":[42],"terms":[44],"of":[45,73,81,90,185,204,250],"requirements":[47],"high-performance":[49,136],"and":[50,64,191,227,242],"high-endurance.":[51],"This":[52,207],"paper":[53,117,208],"studies":[54],"what":[55],"is":[56,118],"best":[58],"NVM-based":[62,180],"systems":[63],"how":[65],"to":[66,86,134,173,201],"design":[67,72,145],"structures.":[70],"The":[71,112],"an":[74,236],"NVM-friendly":[75],"faces":[78],"a":[79,146,153,210,224],"lot":[80],"challenges.":[82],"First,":[83],"order":[85,184],"prolong":[87],"lifetime":[89],"NVM,":[91],"write":[93,248],"activities":[94,249],"on":[95,120,158,235],"NVM":[96,196],"should":[97,106],"minimized.":[99],"To":[100,140],"this":[101,116,142],"end,":[102],"simple":[109,130],"possible.":[111],"proposed":[114],"based":[119],"simplest":[122],"structure,":[124],"i.e.,":[125],"linked":[126,160],"list.":[127],"Second,":[128],"brings":[132],"challenges":[133],"achieve":[135],"operations.":[139],"overcome":[141],"challenge,":[143],"novel":[147,211],"technique":[148],"by":[149],"explicitly":[150],"building":[151],"up":[152],"contiguous":[154],"virtual":[155],"address":[156],"space":[157],"list,":[161],"efficient":[164],"search":[165],"algorithms":[166],"performed.":[169],"Third,":[170],"need":[172],"carefully":[174],"consider":[175],"consistency":[177],"issues":[178],"because":[182],"memory":[186],"writes":[187],"changed":[190],"content":[194],"inconsistent":[199],"due":[200],"write-back":[202],"effects":[203],"CPU":[205],"cache.":[206],"devises":[209],"indexing":[212],"scheme,":[213],"called":[214],"\u201cVirtual":[215],"Linear":[216],"Addressable":[217],"Buckets\u201d":[218],"(VLAB).":[219],"We":[220],"implement":[221],"VLAB":[222,261],"storage":[225],"engine":[226],"plug":[228],"it":[229],"into":[230],"MySQL.":[231],"Evaluations":[232],"conducted":[234],"NVDIMM":[237],"workstation":[238],"using":[239],"YCSB":[240],"workloads":[241],"real-world":[243],"traces.":[244],"Results":[245],"show":[246],"state-of-the-art":[252],"indexes":[253],"6.98":[255],"times":[256,264],"more":[257],"than":[258],"ours;":[259],"meanwhile,":[260],"achieves":[262],"2.53":[263],"speedup.":[265]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}