{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2575761162","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2017.2655060","title":"New Approaches for Power Binning of High Performance Microprocessors","display_name":"New Approaches for Power Binning of High Performance Microprocessors","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2575761162","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2017.2655060","mag":"2575761162"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2017.2655060","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2017.2655060","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019220326","display_name":"M. Oma\u00f1a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8976-5365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Martin Omana","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046561929","display_name":"M. Padovani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2303-0096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141718","display_name":"Sacmi (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/047qggy27","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141718"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Padovani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sacmi Imola S.C., Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sacmi Imola S.C., Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141718"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091678844","display_name":"Kreshnik Veliu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kreshnik Veliu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universita degli Studi di Bologna Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell 'Energia Elettrica e dell 'Informazione Guglielmo Marconi, Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universita degli Studi di Bologna Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell 'Energia Elettrica e dell 'Informazione Guglielmo Marconi, Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010725489","display_name":"Cecilia Metra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1408-5725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cecilia Metra","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035949463","display_name":"Juergen Alt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094487","display_name":"Intel (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/00m2x0g47","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700","https://openalex.org/I4210094487"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juergen Alt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Corp., Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corp., Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094487"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049951159","display_name":"Rajesh Galivanche","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajesh Galivanche","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Corp., Santa Clara, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Corp., Santa Clara, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019220326"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2312,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.46400184,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"66","issue":"7","first_page":"1159","last_page":"1171"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7908474206924438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.586487889289856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.5306923389434814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5244001746177673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.506813108921051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4983866214752197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"Power consumption","score":0.44764208793640137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.4280783534049988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3388960659503937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.22430458664894104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.14886868000030518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08510878682136536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7908474206924438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.586487889289856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5306923389434814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5244001746177673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.506813108921051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4983866214752197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.44764208793640137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.4280783534049988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3388960659503937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.22430458664894104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.14886868000030518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08510878682136536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2017.2655060","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2017.2655060","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.unibo.it:11585/613777","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11585/613777","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402579","display_name":"Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\u00e0 di Bologna)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210117483","host_organization_name":"Istituto di Ematologia di Bologna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307102","display_name":"Intel Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1628577686","https://openalex.org/W1806538290","https://openalex.org/W1905213452","https://openalex.org/W1994136514","https://openalex.org/W1996111092","https://openalex.org/W2009958999","https://openalex.org/W2034294653","https://openalex.org/W2090728180","https://openalex.org/W2106303764","https://openalex.org/W2111755940","https://openalex.org/W2119521940","https://openalex.org/W2121574851","https://openalex.org/W2122774514","https://openalex.org/W2141866079","https://openalex.org/W2142409304","https://openalex.org/W2145207053","https://openalex.org/W2166092240","https://openalex.org/W2168376225","https://openalex.org/W2168572717","https://openalex.org/W2243709097","https://openalex.org/W2318354022","https://openalex.org/W2345221967","https://openalex.org/W2444437806","https://openalex.org/W4246439759","https://openalex.org/W6653111559","https://openalex.org/W6690459523"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W3207760230","https://openalex.org/W1496222301","https://openalex.org/W1590307681","https://openalex.org/W4312814274","https://openalex.org/W4285370786","https://openalex.org/W2296488620","https://openalex.org/W2358353312","https://openalex.org/W2353836703","https://openalex.org/W41015297"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"significant":[1],"process":[2],"parameter":[3],"variations":[4],"occurring":[5],"during":[6,68,95,193,234],"fabrication":[7],"of":[8,55,71,80,98,112,141,155,174,181,196,202,238,244,286,301,305],"high":[9],"performance":[10],"sequential":[11,216],"circuits,":[12],"such":[13,24],"as":[14,122],"microprocessors,":[15],"are":[16,40],"posing":[17],"relevant":[18],"uncertainties":[19],"on":[20,60,158,222],"the":[21,29,36,50,61,69,87,96,102,110,150,172,184,191,194,235,263,275,287,295],"power":[22,63,88,116,185,250],"that":[23,64,89,186,220,232],"circuits":[25],"will":[26,90,125,188],"consume":[27,189],"in":[28,78,101,130,161,190],"field,":[30],"while":[31],"executing":[32],"workloads":[33,100,197,239,299],"typical":[34,72,99,198,240,300],"for":[35,138,152,199,241,274,312],"diverse":[37,76],"products":[38,56],"they":[39],"oriented":[41],"to":[42,75,105,121,127,145,168,212,214,231,248,261,269,280,292],"(e.g.,":[43],"cellular":[44],"phones,":[45],"notebooks,":[46],"servers,":[47],"etc).":[48],"On":[49],"other":[51],"hand,":[52],"different":[53,58,139,153,200,242],"kinds":[54,140,154,201,243],"have":[57],"constraints":[59],"maximal":[62],"could":[65],"be":[66,91,106],"consumed":[67,92,256],"execution":[70,97,195,237],"workloads,":[73],"due":[74],"needs":[77,104],"terms":[79,180],"charge":[81],"autonomy,":[82],"heat":[83],"dissipation,":[84],"etc.":[85],"Consequently,":[86],"by":[93,252,298],"microprocessors":[94,129,136,187],"field":[103],"accurately":[107,170,294],"characterized":[108],"at":[109,171,177],"end":[111,173],"fabrication.":[113],"Such":[114],"a":[115,284,302,309,316],"consumption":[117],"characterization":[118,182],"(hereinafter":[119],"referred":[120],"\u201cpower":[123,131],"binning\u201d),":[124],"enable":[126],"classify":[128],"bins\u201d,":[132],"each":[133],"one":[134],"containing":[135],"suitable":[137],"products,":[142,245],"thus":[143,246,290],"enabling":[144,247,291],"introduce":[146],"them":[147],"all":[148],"into":[149],"market":[151],"products.":[156,203,306],"Based":[157],"these":[159],"considerations,":[160],"this":[162],"paper":[163],"we":[164],"propose":[165,308],"an":[166,226],"approach":[167,205,259,314],"characterize":[169],"fabrication,":[175],"and":[176],"low-cost":[178],"(in":[179],"time),":[183],"in-field":[192,236],"Our":[204,258],"exploits":[206],"scan-based":[207],"Logic":[208],"Built-In":[209],"Self-Test":[210],"(LBIST)":[211],"apply":[213],"microprocessors'":[215],"blocks":[217],"test":[218],"vectors":[219],"induce":[221],"their":[223,255],"internal":[224],"nodes":[225],"activity":[227],"factor":[228],"(AF)":[229],"similar":[230],"experienced":[233],"perform":[249],"binning":[251],"simply":[253],"measuring":[254],"power.":[257],"enables":[260],"scale":[262],"AF":[264,296],"from":[265],"0":[266],"percent":[267,271],"up":[268],"97.6":[270],"(on":[272],"average":[273],"considered":[276],"benchmark":[277],"circuits)":[278],"compared":[279],"conventional":[281,325],"LBIST,":[282],"with":[283],"granularity":[285],"2":[288],"percent,":[289],"emulate":[293],"induced":[297],"wide":[303],"range":[304],"We":[307],"hardware":[310],"implementation":[311],"our":[313],"requiring":[315],"limited":[317],"area":[318],"overhead":[319],"(lower":[320],"than":[321],"3":[322],"percent)":[323],"over":[324],"LBIST.":[326]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}