{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2574407746","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2017.2653780","title":"Two Approximate Voting Schemes for Reliable Computing","display_name":"Two Approximate Voting Schemes for Reliable Computing","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2574407746","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2017.2653780","mag":"2574407746"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2017.2653780","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2017.2653780","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100452020","display_name":"Ke Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0981-3166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ke Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005550142","display_name":"Jie Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8849-4994"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["ECE Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECE Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001979328","display_name":"Fabrizio Lombardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3152-3245"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabrizio Lombardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100452020"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4567,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82737264,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"66","issue":"7","first_page":"1227","last_page":"1239"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triple-modular-redundancy","display_name":"Triple modular redundancy","score":0.7730075120925903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6843736171722412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.6404509544372559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.6269962191581726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting","display_name":"Voting","score":0.6090524196624756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.5239946246147156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.4793142080307007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.4579242169857025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.43762633204460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3745054006576538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24323126673698425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1209595799446106}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196371267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3998979","display_name":"Triple modular redundancy","level":3,"score":0.7730075120925903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6843736171722412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.6404509544372559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6269962191581726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.6090524196624756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.5239946246147156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4793142080307007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4579242169857025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.43762633204460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3745054006576538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24323126673698425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1209595799446106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2017.2653780","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2017.2653780","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W836609746","https://openalex.org/W1539124848","https://openalex.org/W1882507454","https://openalex.org/W1998824039","https://openalex.org/W2013829509","https://openalex.org/W2063207167","https://openalex.org/W2076608821","https://openalex.org/W2099042481","https://openalex.org/W2106635847","https://openalex.org/W2110910865","https://openalex.org/W2125139996","https://openalex.org/W2143384051","https://openalex.org/W2152652532","https://openalex.org/W2158788624","https://openalex.org/W2160451204","https://openalex.org/W2347014634","https://openalex.org/W2472607470","https://openalex.org/W2497735908","https://openalex.org/W3139785732","https://openalex.org/W3141620748","https://openalex.org/W3182208082","https://openalex.org/W4252653560","https://openalex.org/W6639370339","https://openalex.org/W6674640782"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W58658798","https://openalex.org/W3114375939","https://openalex.org/W3008821054","https://openalex.org/W2759696718","https://openalex.org/W2359816675","https://openalex.org/W4388212011","https://openalex.org/W2491217195","https://openalex.org/W4210531477","https://openalex.org/W2603119174","https://openalex.org/W3206195470"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,61],"paper":[1],"relies":[2],"on":[3],"the":[4,11,23,76,79,87,90,93,96,101,109,112,116,136,139,142,149,174,177,187,191,194,204,222,237,240,256],"principles":[5],"of":[6,78,92,95,115,138,141,176,186,239],"inexact":[7,43,147,243],"computing":[8,21],"to":[9,41,52,58,74,165,227,230],"alleviate":[10],"issues":[12],"arising":[13],"in":[14,22,29,66,135,156,169,248],"static":[15],"masking":[16],"by":[17,84,131],"voting":[18,168,205,244],"for":[19],"reliable":[20],"nanoscales.":[24],"Two":[25],"schemes":[26,220],"that":[27,202,260],"utilize":[28],"different":[30,154],"manners":[31],"approximate":[32,167],"voting,":[33],"are":[34],"proposed.":[35],"The":[36,120,215],"first":[37],"scheme":[38,62,122],"is":[39,63,103,151,160,180,197,213,262],"referred":[40],"as":[42,207,209],"double":[44],"modular":[45,59,129],"redundancy":[46],"(IDMR).":[47],"IDMR":[48,82,125,164,195,217],"does":[49],"not":[50],"resort":[51],"triplication,":[53],"thus":[54],"saving":[55],"overhead":[56],"due":[57],"replication.":[60],"crudely":[64],"adaptive":[65,158],"its":[67],"operation,":[68],"i.e.,":[69],"it":[70],"allows":[71],"a":[72,105,170,210,231],"threshold":[73,192],"determine":[75],"validity":[77,175],"module":[80,118],"outputs.":[81,119],"operates":[83],"initially":[85],"establishing":[86],"difference":[88,102],"between":[89],"values":[91],"outputs":[94,140],"two":[97,117,185,249],"modules;":[98],"only":[99,184],"if":[100],"below":[104],"preset":[106],"threshold,":[107],"then":[108],"voter":[110],"calculates":[111],"average":[113],"value":[114],"second":[121],"(ITDMR)":[123],"combines":[124],"with":[126],"TMR":[127],"(triple":[128],"redundancy)":[130],"using":[132,153],"novel":[133],"conditions":[134],"comparison":[137],"three":[143,178,188],"modules.":[144],"Within":[145],"an":[146],"framework,":[148],"majority":[150],"established":[152,181],"criteria;":[155],"ITDMR,":[157],"operation":[159,196],"carried":[161],"further":[162,235],"than":[163],"include":[166],"pairwise":[171],"fashion.":[172],"So,":[173],"inputs":[179,189],"and":[182,218,225,253],"when":[183],"satisfy":[190],"condition,":[193],"utilized.":[198],"An":[199],"extensive":[200],"analysis":[201],"includes":[203],"circuits":[206],"well":[208],"probabilistic":[211],"framework":[212],"included.":[214],"proposed":[216,241],"ITDMR":[219],"improve":[221],"power":[223],"dissipation":[224],"tolerance":[226],"variations":[228],"compared":[229],"traditional":[232],"TMR.":[233,266],"To":[234],"validate":[236],"applicability":[238],"schemes,":[242],"has":[245],"been":[246],"used":[247],"applications":[250],"(image":[251],"processing":[252],"FIR":[254],"filtering);":[255],"simulation":[257],"results":[258],"show":[259],"performance":[261],"substantially":[263],"improved":[264],"over":[265]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}