{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2100869242","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2014.2361526","title":"Control-Flow Decoupling: An Approach for Timely, Non-Speculative Branching","display_name":"Control-Flow Decoupling: An Approach for Timely, Non-Speculative Branching","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2100869242","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2014.2361526","mag":"2100869242"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2014.2361526","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2014.2361526","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082856822","display_name":"Rami Sheikh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1365-1921"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087596","display_name":"Qualcomm (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/002zrf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rami Sheikh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qualcomm Research, Raleigh, NC"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qualcomm Research, Raleigh, NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066115006","display_name":"James Tuck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8975-0294"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Tuck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC","Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090803057","display_name":"Eric Rotenberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0406-1973"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Rotenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC","Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082856822"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5717,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83769277,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"8","first_page":"2182","last_page":"2203"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7877429127693176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/branch-predictor","display_name":"Branch predictor","score":0.7474851012229919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microarchitecture","display_name":"Microarchitecture","score":0.7319746613502502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/queue","display_name":"Queue","score":0.6539388298988342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-flow","display_name":"Control flow","score":0.6220385432243347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.6100708246231079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.5585203170776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoupling","display_name":"Decoupling (probability)","score":0.43647849559783936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3395226001739502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.11811333894729614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.09691673517227173}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7877429127693176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168522837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679552","display_name":"Branch predictor","level":2,"score":0.7474851012229919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107598950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q259864","display_name":"Microarchitecture","level":2,"score":0.7319746613502502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160403385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220543","display_name":"Queue","level":2,"score":0.6539388298988342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160191386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868299","display_name":"Control flow","level":2,"score":0.6220385432243347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.6100708246231079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.5585203170776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205606062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5249645","display_name":"Decoupling (probability)","level":2,"score":0.43647849559783936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3395226001739502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.11811333894729614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09691673517227173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.2014.2361526","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.2014.2361526","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.lib.ncsu.edu:1840.16/8736","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/resolver/1840.16/8736","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402468","display_name":"NCSU Libraries Repository (North Carolina State University Libraries)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","host_organization_name":"North Carolina State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.718.5519","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.718.5519","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://people.engr.ncsu.edu/ericro/publications/journal_IEEETC-Aug-2015.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6326920266","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-0916481","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332169","funder_display_name":"Directorate for Computer and Information Science and Engineering"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307102","display_name":"Intel Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332169","display_name":"Directorate for Computer and Information Science and Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/025kzpk63"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W12207660","https://openalex.org/W647763185","https://openalex.org/W2030680937","https://openalex.org/W2035472111","https://openalex.org/W2076264849","https://openalex.org/W2081165399","https://openalex.org/W2090408221","https://openalex.org/W2099089002","https://openalex.org/W2099602365","https://openalex.org/W2108290909","https://openalex.org/W2112482891","https://openalex.org/W2116299797","https://openalex.org/W2123608497","https://openalex.org/W2126304608","https://openalex.org/W2126716774","https://openalex.org/W2129889140","https://openalex.org/W2132218030","https://openalex.org/W2134633067","https://openalex.org/W2138803271","https://openalex.org/W2140311411","https://openalex.org/W2143756982","https://openalex.org/W2146141902","https://openalex.org/W2146173591","https://openalex.org/W2149379863","https://openalex.org/W2150722965","https://openalex.org/W2154790323","https://openalex.org/W2155312437","https://openalex.org/W2163870456","https://openalex.org/W2168307289","https://openalex.org/W2170382128","https://openalex.org/W2171404599","https://openalex.org/W2171546589","https://openalex.org/W2464177207","https://openalex.org/W2535359146","https://openalex.org/W2609112314","https://openalex.org/W3145008948","https://openalex.org/W3149553891","https://openalex.org/W4231361442","https://openalex.org/W4235028292","https://openalex.org/W4236752439","https://openalex.org/W4239813889","https://openalex.org/W4241608695","https://openalex.org/W4242484660","https://openalex.org/W4242927735","https://openalex.org/W4246178214","https://openalex.org/W4256592301","https://openalex.org/W6621158259","https://openalex.org/W6675182692","https://openalex.org/W6683751876","https://openalex.org/W6736569393"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1916582918","https://openalex.org/W2381374827","https://openalex.org/W2109440006","https://openalex.org/W4235677263","https://openalex.org/W2745771918","https://openalex.org/W1558760591","https://openalex.org/W3194312717","https://openalex.org/W2296662050","https://openalex.org/W2128306572","https://openalex.org/W4254603964"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mobile":[0],"and":[1,62,155,161,210],"PC/server":[2],"class":[3],"processor":[4],"companies":[5],"continue":[6],"to":[7,42,128,137,171,187,197,207,216,236],"roll":[8],"out":[9],"flagship":[10],"core":[11],"microarchitectures":[12],"that":[13,47,85],"are":[14],"faster":[15],"than":[16],"their":[17,114],"predecessors.":[18],"Meanwhile":[19],"placing":[20],"more":[21],"cores":[22],"on":[23,113],"a":[24,36,86,120,193,228],"chip":[25],"coupled":[26],"with":[27,99],"constant":[28],"supply":[29],"voltage":[30],"puts":[31],"per-core":[32],"energy":[33,212],"consumption":[34,213],"at":[35],"premium.":[37],"Hence,":[38],"the":[39,73,139,142,147,151,156,159,172,180,184],"challenge":[40],"is":[41,136,227],"find":[43,84],"future":[44,232],"microarchitecture":[45,194],"optimizations":[46],"not":[48,111],"only":[49,119,150],"increase":[50],"performance":[51,204],"but":[52],"also":[53],"conserve":[54],"energy.":[55],"Eliminating":[56],"branch":[57,143,160,169],"mispredictions-which":[58],"waste":[59],"both":[60],"time":[61],"energy-is":[63],"valuable":[64],"in":[65,79,183],"this":[66,69],"respect.":[67],"In":[68],"paper,":[70],"we":[71,94],"explore":[72],"control-flow":[74,125],"landscape":[75],"by":[76,205,214],"characterizing":[77],"mispredictions":[78,130],"four":[80],"benchmark":[81],"suites.":[82],"We":[83,123],"third":[87],"of":[88,131],"mispredictions-per-1K-instructions":[89],"(MPKI)":[90],"come":[91],"from":[92],"what":[93],"call":[95],"separable":[96,132],"branches:":[97],"branches":[98],"large":[100],"control-dependent":[101,115,163],"regions":[102],"(not":[103],"suitable":[104],"for":[105,223,231],"if-conversion),":[106],"whose":[107],"backward":[108],"slices":[109],"do":[110],"depend":[112],"instructions":[116],"or":[117],"have":[118],"short":[121],"dependence.":[122],"propose":[124],"decoupling":[126],"(CFD)":[127],"eradicate":[129],"branches.":[133],"The":[134,165],"idea":[135],"separate":[138],"loop":[140,167,174],"containing":[141],"into":[144],"two":[145],"loops:":[146],"first":[148,166],"contains":[149,158],"branch's":[152],"predicate":[153],"computation":[154],"second":[157,173],"its":[162],"instructions.":[164],"communicates":[168],"outcomes":[170],"through":[175],"an":[176],"architectural":[177],"queue.":[178],"Microarchitecturally,":[179],"queue":[181],"resides":[182],"fetch":[185],"unit":[186],"drive":[188],"timely,":[189],"non-speculative":[190],"branching.":[191],"On":[192],"configured":[195],"similar":[196],"Intel's":[198],"Sandy":[199],"Bridge":[200],"core,":[201],"CFD":[202,220,226],"increases":[203],"up":[206,215],"55":[208],"percent,":[209],"reduces":[211],"49":[217],"percent":[218],"(for":[219],"regions).":[221],"Moreover,":[222],"some":[224],"applications,":[225],"necessary":[229],"catalyst":[230],"complexity-effective":[233],"large-window":[234],"architectures":[235],"tolerate":[237],"memory":[238],"latency.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}