{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2087711310","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.1985.5009383","title":"A Robust Sorting Network","display_name":"A Robust Sorting Network","publication_year":1985,"publication_date":"1985-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2087711310","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.1985.5009383","mag":"2087711310"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.1985.5009383","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.1985.5009383","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","0016-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112072124","display_name":"Larry Rudolph","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Larry Rudolph","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","Department of Computer Science, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA. 15213.#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA. 15213.#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112072124"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0667,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81702479,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"C-34","issue":"4","first_page":"326","last_page":"335"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sorting-network","display_name":"Sorting network","score":0.8932375907897949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparator","display_name":"Comparator","score":0.7535161972045898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7373120784759521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sorting","display_name":"Sorting","score":0.6677746176719666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sort","display_name":"sort","score":0.6246504783630371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sorting-algorithm","display_name":"Sorting algorithm","score":0.5821154713630676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.549909234046936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5029661059379578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.4682886004447937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4201299846172333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.35371965169906616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1981470286846161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1206226646900177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.07621029019355774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.06955355405807495}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64540648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q646477","display_name":"Sorting network","level":4,"score":0.8932375907897949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155745195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1164179","display_name":"Comparator","level":3,"score":0.7535161972045898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7373120784759521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111696304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2303697","display_name":"Sorting","level":2,"score":0.6677746176719666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88548561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q347599","display_name":"sort","level":2,"score":0.6246504783630371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108094655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181593","display_name":"Sorting algorithm","level":3,"score":0.5821154713630676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.549909234046936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5029661059379578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4682886004447937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4201299846172333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.35371965169906616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1981470286846161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1206226646900177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.07621029019355774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.06955355405807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.1985.5009383","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.1985.5009383","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","0016-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.cmu.edu:compsci-2486","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.cmu.edu/compsci/1487","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400668","display_name":"Research Showcase @ Carnegie Mellon University (Carnegie Mellon University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","host_organization_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computer Science Department","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:doi:10.1184/r1/6591311","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal contribution"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1031.370","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1031.370","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://repository.cmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article%3D2486%26context%3Dcompsci","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964054575","https://openalex.org/W1976284552","https://openalex.org/W1985838326","https://openalex.org/W1996215911","https://openalex.org/W2004592841","https://openalex.org/W2027679733","https://openalex.org/W2068862022","https://openalex.org/W2076458424","https://openalex.org/W2089062581","https://openalex.org/W2096313289","https://openalex.org/W2122380224","https://openalex.org/W2134316164","https://openalex.org/W2141389982","https://openalex.org/W2752853835","https://openalex.org/W3198160809","https://openalex.org/W6680874277"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3003769066","https://openalex.org/W2556874874","https://openalex.org/W2208979138","https://openalex.org/W1513404712","https://openalex.org/W2358934713","https://openalex.org/W2099325976","https://openalex.org/W2555797305","https://openalex.org/W2096006817","https://openalex.org/W4285183126","https://openalex.org/W2156172464"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Beginning":[0],"with":[1,19,164],"the":[2,20,35,46,52,57,68,71,79,83,88,96,104,118,148,156],"recently":[3],"introduced":[4],"balanced":[5],"sorting":[6,27,136,187],"network,":[7],"we":[8],"propose":[9],"a":[10,16,126,139,144,179],"shuffle-exchange":[11],"type":[12],"layout":[13],"consisting":[14],"of":[15,70,78,98,103,112,147,155],"single":[17,140],"block":[18],"output":[21],"recirculated":[22],"back":[23],"as":[24,39,186],"input":[25],"until":[26],"is":[28,54,81,85],"achieved.":[29],"Although":[30],"this":[31],"network":[32,53,72,92,119],"has":[33,45],"essentially":[34],"same":[36],"performance":[37],"bounds":[38],"Batcher's":[40],"bitonic":[41],"sort,":[42],"our":[43],"design":[44,80],"property":[47],"that":[48,59,82,143],"no":[49,165],"comparator":[50,62],"in":[51,56,95,125],"critical":[55],"sense":[58],"any":[60],"faulty":[61,100,166],"can":[63,151],"be":[64,152,184],"bypassed":[65],"without":[66],"disturbing":[67],"functionality":[69],"(just":[73],"its":[74],"speed).":[75],"The":[76,91],"novelty":[77],"robustness":[84],"derived":[86],"from":[87],"underlying":[89],"algorithm.":[90],"will":[93,158,169,181],"sort":[94,159,170],"presence":[97],"many":[99,192],"comparators.":[101],"Moreover,":[102],"(N":[105],"log":[106],"N)/2":[107],"comparators,":[108],"only":[109,121,178],"N":[110],"pairs":[111],"comparators":[113,124],"are":[114],"critical.":[115],"That":[116],"is,":[117],"fails":[120],"when":[122],"both":[123],"pair":[127],"fail.":[128],"Our":[129],"results":[130],"enable":[131],"one":[132],"to":[133,183,190],"build":[134],"large":[135],"networks":[137,188],"on":[138],"wafer":[141],"so":[142],"high":[145],"percentage":[146],"fabricated":[149],"wafers":[150,157],"used;":[153],"some":[154],"very":[160],"quickly":[161],"(the":[162],"ones":[163],"components),":[167],"most":[168],"at":[171],"somewhat":[172],"slower":[173],"than":[174],"optimal":[175],"speeds,":[176],"but":[177],"few":[180],"fail":[182],"useful":[185],"(due":[189],"too":[191],"badly":[193],"placed":[194],"faults).":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
