{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1555673550","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.1983.1676201","title":"The NYU Ultracomputer\u2014Designing an MIMD Shared Memory Parallel Computer","display_name":"The NYU Ultracomputer\u2014Designing an MIMD Shared Memory Parallel Computer","publication_year":1983,"publication_date":"1983-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1555673550","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.1983.1676201","mag":"1555673550"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.1983.1676201","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.1983.1676201","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072929919","display_name":"Gottlieb","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36672615","display_name":"Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/037tm7f56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36672615","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gottlieb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Courant of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Courant of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36672615","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066231704","display_name":"Grishman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36672615","display_name":"Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/037tm7f56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36672615","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Grishman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Courant of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Courant of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36672615","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109047317","display_name":"Kruskal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kruskal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5096689599","display_name":"McAuliffe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36672615","display_name":"Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/037tm7f56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36672615","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"McAuliffe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Courant of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Courant of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36672615","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109900056","display_name":"Rudolph","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rudolph","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONT, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONT, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031564164","display_name":"Snir","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36672615","display_name":"Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/037tm7f56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36672615","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Snir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Courant of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Courant of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36672615","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072929919"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36672615","https://openalex.org/I57206974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":61.1835,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":746,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99944496,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"C-32","issue":"2","first_page":"175","last_page":"189"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimd","display_name":"MIMD","score":0.9550189971923828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8740023374557495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.7222829461097717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shared-memory","display_name":"Shared memory","score":0.582205057144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.5597140789031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-memory","display_name":"Distributed memory","score":0.50887131690979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.4509803056716919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.43833717703819275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.18500393629074097}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21032095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149237","display_name":"MIMD","level":2,"score":0.9550189971923828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8740023374557495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.7222829461097717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133875982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q764810","display_name":"Shared memory","level":2,"score":0.582205057144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.5597140789031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91481028","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054686","display_name":"Distributed memory","level":3,"score":0.50887131690979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.4509803056716919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.43833717703819275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.18500393629074097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.1983.1676201","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.1983.1676201","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W122436854","https://openalex.org/W163732111","https://openalex.org/W197978292","https://openalex.org/W1586380695","https://openalex.org/W1601753226","https://openalex.org/W1607422617","https://openalex.org/W1857507360","https://openalex.org/W1970088287","https://openalex.org/W1979418125","https://openalex.org/W1999187227","https://openalex.org/W2027418104","https://openalex.org/W2029080607","https://openalex.org/W2038704680","https://openalex.org/W2047434043","https://openalex.org/W2054739713","https://openalex.org/W2056928322","https://openalex.org/W2061625178","https://openalex.org/W2068862022","https://openalex.org/W2081928868","https://openalex.org/W2091323212","https://openalex.org/W2098452744","https://openalex.org/W2103686040","https://openalex.org/W2124339985","https://openalex.org/W2163820265","https://openalex.org/W2164309468","https://openalex.org/W2983752329","https://openalex.org/W3024847000","https://openalex.org/W4206658214","https://openalex.org/W4234856694","https://openalex.org/W4247374874","https://openalex.org/W6635987275","https://openalex.org/W6683865707","https://openalex.org/W6769920837"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2277420757","https://openalex.org/W2026512611","https://openalex.org/W2125650551","https://openalex.org/W1516631236","https://openalex.org/W2055257595","https://openalex.org/W322664006","https://openalex.org/W347145807","https://openalex.org/W1991465874","https://openalex.org/W2995170196","https://openalex.org/W1994175142"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,54,71],"present":[1,78],"the":[2,5,29,36,49,56,82],"design":[3],"for":[4],"NYU":[6],"Ultracomputer,":[7],"a":[8,64,88],"shared-memory":[9],"MIMD":[10],"parallel":[11,97],"machine":[12,21],"composed":[13],"of":[14,16,31,39,43,81,90,99],"thousands":[15],"autonomous":[17],"processing":[18],"elements.":[19],"This":[20],"uses":[22],"an":[23,32],"enhanced":[24],"message":[25],"switching":[26],"network":[27,83],"with":[28],"geometry":[30],"Omega-network":[33],"to":[34,46,62,93],"approximate":[35],"ideal":[37],"behavior":[38],"Schwartz's":[40],"paracomputer":[41],"model":[42],"computation":[44],"and":[45,77,95],"implement":[47,94],"efficiently":[48],"important":[50,100],"fetch-and-add":[51],"synchronization":[52],"primitive.":[53],"outine":[55],"hardware":[57],"that":[58],"would":[59],"be":[60],"required":[61],"build":[63],"4096":[65],"processor":[66],"system":[67,74],"using":[68],"1990's":[69],"technology.":[70],"also":[72],"discuss":[73],"software":[75],"issues,":[76],"analytic":[79],"studies":[80],"performance.":[84],"Finally,":[85],"we":[86],"include":[87],"sample":[89],"our":[91],"effort":[92],"simulate":[96],"variants":[98],"scientific":[101],"p\u0300rograms.":[102]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}