{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1801631164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.1982.1675938","title":"A Two-Level Microprogrammed Multiprocessor Computer with Nonnumeric Functions","display_name":"A Two-Level Microprogrammed Multiprocessor Computer with Nonnumeric Functions","publication_year":1982,"publication_date":"1982-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1801631164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.1982.1675938","mag":"1801631164"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.1982.1675938","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.1982.1675938","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112002748","display_name":"Baba","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207399273","display_name":"Utsunomiya University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bx1gz93","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207399273"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["JP","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland","Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","Department of Information Science, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Science, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207399273"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112621834","display_name":"Fuyuki Ishikawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5580-2305"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207399273","display_name":"Utsunomiya University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bx1gz93","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207399273"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ishikawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Educational Technology, Department of Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Educational Technology, Department of Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207399273"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013128698","display_name":"Okuda","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207399273","display_name":"Utsunomiya University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bx1gz93","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207399273"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Okuda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Science, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Science, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I207399273"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0952,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86357702,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"C-31","issue":"12","first_page":"1142","last_page":"1156"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8534131050109863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firmware","display_name":"Firmware","score":0.768531858921051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcode","display_name":"Microcode","score":0.6907349228858948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiprocessing","display_name":"Multiprocessing","score":0.6399922966957092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5997289419174194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.48358696699142456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permutation","display_name":"Permutation (music)","score":0.4432680904865265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4366166591644287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/16-bit","display_name":"16-bit","score":0.42819279432296753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.382521390914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3573489487171173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.35690054297447205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.14642423391342163}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8534131050109863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67212190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104851","display_name":"Firmware","level":2,"score":0.768531858921051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22174128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175869","display_name":"Microcode","level":2,"score":0.6907349228858948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4822641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846651","display_name":"Multiprocessing","level":2,"score":0.6399922966957092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5997289419174194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.48358696699142456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21308566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7169365","display_name":"Permutation (music)","level":2,"score":0.4432680904865265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4366166591644287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33652231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194368","display_name":"16-bit","level":2,"score":0.42819279432296753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.382521390914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3573489487171173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.35690054297447205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.14642423391342163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.1982.1675938","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.1982.1675938","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W125649301","https://openalex.org/W148701647","https://openalex.org/W174388974","https://openalex.org/W247516501","https://openalex.org/W1801631164","https://openalex.org/W1824389261","https://openalex.org/W1974784305","https://openalex.org/W1996027765","https://openalex.org/W1996790705","https://openalex.org/W2003153196","https://openalex.org/W2010159750","https://openalex.org/W2010428317","https://openalex.org/W2028502019","https://openalex.org/W2040304998","https://openalex.org/W2055869266","https://openalex.org/W2082545206","https://openalex.org/W2093015761","https://openalex.org/W2093307539","https://openalex.org/W2104947765","https://openalex.org/W2121128090","https://openalex.org/W2125970223","https://openalex.org/W2133052963","https://openalex.org/W2136439370","https://openalex.org/W2164309468","https://openalex.org/W2170963144","https://openalex.org/W2294824014","https://openalex.org/W2296421055","https://openalex.org/W2336679799","https://openalex.org/W2404037629","https://openalex.org/W2752853835","https://openalex.org/W4242997105","https://openalex.org/W6605048857","https://openalex.org/W6697134460","https://openalex.org/W6713266275"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966431236","https://openalex.org/W608147619","https://openalex.org/W1984676852","https://openalex.org/W2068967940","https://openalex.org/W270731569","https://openalex.org/W4252104358","https://openalex.org/W2062160093","https://openalex.org/W2025981307","https://openalex.org/W1998626163","https://openalex.org/W2056006243"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"two-level":[1],"microprogrammed":[2],"multiprocessor":[3],"system,":[4,101],"MUNAP,":[5],"along":[6],"with":[7],"its":[8,108],"support":[9],"software":[10],"has":[11],"been":[12],"developed":[13],"as":[14,37],"a":[15,63,89,96],"research":[16],"vehicle":[17],"for":[18,33],"solving":[19],"nonnumeric":[20,34],"and":[21,30,48,51],"associated":[22],"problems.":[23],"The":[24],"MUNAP":[25,105],"system":[26],"provides":[27,84],"highly":[28],"parallel":[29,98],"distributed":[31],"functions":[32,61],"processing,":[35],"such":[36],"variable":[38],"length":[39],"word":[40],"addressing,":[41],"data":[42],"permutation":[43],"at":[44,54,110],"the":[45,55,75,85,111],"microprogram":[46],"level,":[47],"bit":[49],"operation":[50],"field":[52],"handling":[53],"multinanoprogram":[56],"level.":[57,113],"To":[58],"control":[59],"these":[60],"efficiently,":[62],"28-bit":[64],"microinstruction":[65],"simultaneously":[66],"drives":[67],"several":[68],"nanoprogram":[69],"streams":[70],"of":[71,91],"40-bit":[72],"nanoinstructions":[73],"in":[74],"four":[76],"16-bit":[77],"processor":[78],"units.":[79],"This":[80],"scheme":[81],"not":[82],"only":[83],"ability":[86],"to":[87,106],"organize":[88],"number":[90],"modular":[92],"processing":[93],"elements":[94],"into":[95],"single,":[97],"processable":[99],"computer":[100],"but":[102],"also":[103],"allows":[104],"change":[107],"architecture":[109],"firmware":[112]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}