{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2127512878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.1981.1675805","title":"An On-Chip Compare/Steer Bubble Sorter","display_name":"An On-Chip Compare/Steer Bubble Sorter","publication_year":1981,"publication_date":"1981-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2127512878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.1981.1675805","mag":"2127512878"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.1981.1675805","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.1981.1675805","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","0016-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114858625","display_name":"Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100400","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/00m6w7z96","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100400"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103234","display_name":"University of Northwestern","ror":"https://ror.org/019t2rq07","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103234"]}],"countries":["PH","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, Northwestern University","Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, Northwestern University#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, Northwestern University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100400","https://openalex.org/I4210103234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, Northwestern University#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103506171","display_name":"Hsu Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsu Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","[IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY , USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY , USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","[IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY , USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY , USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.7158,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95994599,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"C-30","issue":"6","first_page":"396","last_page":"405"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10412","display_name":"Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bubble","display_name":"Bubble","score":0.8690850138664246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparator","display_name":"Comparator","score":0.6330474615097046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5693445801734924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string","display_name":"String (physics)","score":0.5305165648460388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.49112340807914734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3331601023674011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.28176969289779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.2570629119873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.22716331481933594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20045217871665955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.11198380589485168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10435020923614502}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.8690850138664246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155745195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1164179","display_name":"Comparator","level":3,"score":0.6330474615097046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5693445801734924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5305165648460388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.49112340807914734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3331601023674011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.28176969289779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.2570629119873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.22716331481933594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20045217871665955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.11198380589485168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10435020923614502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.1981.1675805","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.1981.1675805","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","0016-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W166624952","https://openalex.org/W1779598675","https://openalex.org/W1965148046","https://openalex.org/W2001296613","https://openalex.org/W2021528914","https://openalex.org/W2097159621","https://openalex.org/W2106523522","https://openalex.org/W2141953832","https://openalex.org/W2752853835","https://openalex.org/W6606782305"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2034349229","https://openalex.org/W3004219868","https://openalex.org/W4366783034","https://openalex.org/W1972415042","https://openalex.org/W4313221225","https://openalex.org/W2150642609","https://openalex.org/W2005410346","https://openalex.org/W2023494387","https://openalex.org/W4306816370","https://openalex.org/W2189390720"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Two":[0],"generic":[1],"record-permutation":[2],"bubble":[3,5,9,83,106],"devices\u2014the":[4],"ladder":[6,43],"and":[7,51],"the":[8,15,25,33,38,82,87,91,99],"string":[10,84],"comparator\u2014have":[11],"been":[12],"reported":[13],"in":[14,98],"literature":[16],"but":[17,74],"not":[18],"yet":[19],"implemented.":[20],"The":[21,42],"former":[22],"relies":[23,35],"on":[24,37],"extensive":[26],"use":[27],"of":[28,65],"external":[29],"control":[30,66,88],"lines,":[31],"while":[32],"latter":[34],"solely":[36],"interaction":[39],"between":[40],"bubbles.":[41],"has":[44],"evolved":[45],"into":[46],"an":[47],"odd-":[48],"even":[49],"sorter":[50],"then":[52],"a":[53,62],"rebound":[54],"sorter,":[55],"but,":[56],"uufortunately,":[57],"it":[58],"is":[59],"operated":[60],"by":[61],"large":[63],"number":[64],"lines.":[67,89],"This":[68],"paper":[69],"shows":[70],"that":[71],"equally":[72],"efficient":[73],"more":[75],"versatile":[76],"sorters":[77],"can":[78],"be":[79,96],"constructed":[80],"from":[81],"comparators":[85],"without":[86],"Moreover,":[90],"new":[92],"sorter\u2014an":[93],"up-down":[94],"sorter\u2014will":[95],"implemented":[97],"recently":[100],"invented":[101],"high-density,":[102],"high-speed,":[103],"coil-less":[104],"perforated-sheet":[105],"devices.":[107]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}