{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1990546641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.1981.1675762","title":"Realization of Fault-Tolerant Machines—Linear Code Application","display_name":"Realization of Fault-Tolerant Machines—Linear Code Application","publication_year":1981,"publication_date":"1981-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1990546641","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.1981.1675762","mag":"1990546641"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.1981.1675762","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.1981.1675762","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108277416","display_name":"Sengupta","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6498739","display_name":"Indian Statistical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00q2w1j53","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106542073","display_name":"University of Calcutta","ror":"https://ror.org/01e7v7w47","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106542073"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sengupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Unit, Indian Statistical Institute","Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India","Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Unit, Indian Statistical Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106542073"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112625584","display_name":"Chattopadhyay","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150591","display_name":"Ministry of Defence","ror":"https://ror.org/03wejsv15","country_code":"IN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150591"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101705","display_name":"Naval Physical & Oceanographic Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/017kv7q60","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340206300","https://openalex.org/I4210101705","https://openalex.org/I4210150591"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106542073","display_name":"University of Calcutta","ror":"https://ror.org/01e7v7w47","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106542073"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chattopadhyay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India","Naval Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory, Ministry of Defence, Cochin, Kerala, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106542073"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory, Ministry of Defence, Cochin, Kerala, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101705","https://openalex.org/I4210150591"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110430160","display_name":"Palit","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106542073","display_name":"University of Calcutta","ror":"https://ror.org/01e7v7w47","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106542073"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Palit","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106542073"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109222952","display_name":"Bandyopadhyay \uf020\uf020","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106542073","display_name":"University of Calcutta","ror":"https://ror.org/01e7v7w47","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106542073"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bandyopadhyay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106542073"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110757051","display_name":"Choudhury","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150591","display_name":"Ministry of Defence","ror":"https://ror.org/03wejsv15","country_code":"IN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150591"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101705","display_name":"Naval Physical & Oceanographic Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/017kv7q60","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340206300","https://openalex.org/I4210101705","https://openalex.org/I4210150591"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106542073","display_name":"University of Calcutta","ror":"https://ror.org/01e7v7w47","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106542073"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Choudhury","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India","Naval Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory, Ministry of Defence, Cochin, Kerala, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106542073"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory, Ministry of Defence, Cochin, Kerala, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101705","https://openalex.org/I4210150591"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108277416"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106542073","https://openalex.org/I6498739"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11755698,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"C-30","issue":"3","first_page":"237","last_page":"240"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/realization","display_name":"Realization (probability)","score":0.8956373929977417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6423360705375671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hamming-code","display_name":"Hamming code","score":0.6102577447891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"Fault tolerance","score":0.5853006839752197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5479627847671509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hamming-distance","display_name":"Hamming distance","score":0.4417743682861328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimal-realization","display_name":"Minimal realization","score":0.44054800271987915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.43666544556617737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.3812206983566284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.35829976201057434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3426497280597687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.28975093364715576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-code","display_name":"Block code","score":0.21569740772247314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.15624377131462097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.10641622543334961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-system","display_name":"Linear system","score":0.09813481569290161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.0725162923336029}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781089630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21856745","display_name":"Realization (probability)","level":2,"score":0.8956373929977417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6423360705375671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73150493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853922","display_name":"Hamming code","level":4,"score":0.6102577447891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.5853006839752197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5479627847671509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193319292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272172","display_name":"Hamming distance","level":2,"score":0.4417743682861328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205609532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770324","display_name":"Minimal realization","level":3,"score":0.44054800271987915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.43666544556617737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.3812206983566284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.35829976201057434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3426497280597687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.28975093364715576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157125643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q884707","display_name":"Block code","level":3,"score":0.21569740772247314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.15624377131462097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.10641622543334961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6802819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072174","display_name":"Linear system","level":2,"score":0.09813481569290161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.0725162923336029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.1981.1675762","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.1981.1675762","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.4399999976158142},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311090","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W151521611","https://openalex.org/W607232712","https://openalex.org/W1543281322","https://openalex.org/W2028041532","https://openalex.org/W2063111778","https://openalex.org/W2064759901","https://openalex.org/W2080123749","https://openalex.org/W2086120974","https://openalex.org/W2101825979","https://openalex.org/W2121417875","https://openalex.org/W2142468309","https://openalex.org/W2149282435","https://openalex.org/W2161948077","https://openalex.org/W2317462728","https://openalex.org/W3043562379"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2041398717","https://openalex.org/W2384775948","https://openalex.org/W1964957286","https://openalex.org/W2136491310","https://openalex.org/W2943247777","https://openalex.org/W2992732831","https://openalex.org/W2081839212","https://openalex.org/W2147240073","https://openalex.org/W2740543340","https://openalex.org/W1970266982"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"correspondence":[1],"deals":[2],"with":[3,64],"the":[4,19,35,46],"fault-tolerant":[5],"realization":[6,36,48,52],"of":[7,40,61],"a":[8,38,58],"sequential":[9],"machine":[10],"using":[11,37],"error-correcting":[12],"(n,k)":[13],"linear":[14],"codes.":[15],"Earlier":[16],"works":[17],"in":[18,54],"same":[20],"area":[21],"confine":[22],"their":[23],"attention":[24],"to":[25],"modified":[26],"Reed-Muller":[27],"Code":[28,32],"and":[29,33],"perfect":[30],"Hamming":[31],"achieve":[34],"number":[39,60],"majority":[41],"logic":[42],"gates,":[43],"which":[44],"makes":[45],"entire":[47],"quite":[49],"complex.":[50],"The":[51],"discussed":[53],"this":[55],"paper":[56],"needs":[57],"smaller":[59],"circuit":[62],"components":[63],"less":[65],"complexity.":[66]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}