{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1841224788","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.1978.1675144","title":"Synchronization and Matching in Redundant Systems","display_name":"Synchronization and Matching in Redundant Systems","publication_year":1978,"publication_date":"1978-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1841224788","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.1978.1675144","mag":"1841224788"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.1978.1675144","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.1978.1675144","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109480119","display_name":"Davies","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Davies","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Systems Laboratory, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA","Digital Systems Laboratory, Stanford University#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Systems Laboratory, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Systems Laboratory, Stanford University#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002235253","display_name":"Wakerly","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wakerly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Systems Laboratory, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA","[Digital Systems Laboratory, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Systems Laboratory, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Digital Systems Laboratory, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109480119"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2582,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":78,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93391451,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"C-27","issue":"6","first_page":"531","last_page":"539"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8040757179260254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.7173413038253784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.7018178701400757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting","display_name":"Voting","score":0.6020259261131287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-synchronization","display_name":"Clock synchronization","score":0.5839632749557495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.46633172035217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.4103999435901642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.37746894359588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.1514323651790619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.10835897922515869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09330505132675171}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8040757179260254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.7173413038253784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.7018178701400757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.6020259261131287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129891060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513059","display_name":"Clock synchronization","level":4,"score":0.5839632749557495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.46633172035217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4103999435901642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.37746894359588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.1514323651790619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.10835897922515869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09330505132675171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.1978.1675144","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.1978.1675144","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6899999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1893091749","https://openalex.org/W1966810257","https://openalex.org/W1974949612","https://openalex.org/W1993951971","https://openalex.org/W1994432033","https://openalex.org/W2007334691","https://openalex.org/W2012155933","https://openalex.org/W2026428156","https://openalex.org/W2035436406","https://openalex.org/W2042212802","https://openalex.org/W2051332127","https://openalex.org/W2052006175","https://openalex.org/W2056345482","https://openalex.org/W2119009318","https://openalex.org/W2120185818","https://openalex.org/W2126258474","https://openalex.org/W2127015369","https://openalex.org/W2132098696","https://openalex.org/W2133085584","https://openalex.org/W2149977723","https://openalex.org/W2329092371","https://openalex.org/W2582821613","https://openalex.org/W3031883756","https://openalex.org/W3174480101","https://openalex.org/W3175670150"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2187730212","https://openalex.org/W4312714696","https://openalex.org/W1986532039","https://openalex.org/W2540672406","https://openalex.org/W2587929255","https://openalex.org/W2364948717","https://openalex.org/W2130974576","https://openalex.org/W3183483298","https://openalex.org/W2356054222","https://openalex.org/W2936090873"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"of":[1,21,38,76],"the":[2,12,45,82],"published":[3],"work":[4],"on":[5],"massive":[6],"redundancy":[7],"makes":[8],"one":[9],"crucial":[10],"assumption:":[11],"redundant":[13,25],"modules":[14],"are":[15,18],"synchronized.":[16],"There":[17],"three":[19],"ways":[20],"achieving":[22],"synchronization":[23,77],"in":[24,81],"systems-independent":[26],"accurate":[27],"clocks,":[28],"a":[29,39,59],"common":[30,40],"external":[31,41],"reference,":[32],"and":[33],"mutual":[34,61],"feedback.":[35],"The":[36],"use":[37],"reference":[42],"is":[43,79],"currently":[44],"most":[46],"widely":[47],"used":[48],"technique,":[49,63],"but":[50],"suffers":[51],"from":[52],"vulnerability":[53],"to":[54],"common-point":[55],"failures.":[56],"We":[57],"introduce":[58],"novel":[60],"feedback":[62],"called":[64],"\"synchronization":[65],"voting,\"":[66],"that":[67],"does":[68],"not":[69],"have":[70],"this":[71],"drawback.":[72],"A":[73],"practical":[74],"application":[75],"voting":[78],"described":[80],"appendix\u2014a":[83],"fault-tolerant":[84],"crystal-controlled":[85],"clock.":[86]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
