{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2091955381","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.1976.1674602","title":"Pattern Recognition and Image Processing","display_name":"Pattern Recognition and Image Processing","publication_year":1976,"publication_date":"1976-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2091955381","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.1976.1674602","mag":"2091955381"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.1976.1674602","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.1976.1674602","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111805936","display_name":"King\u2010Sun Fu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"King-Sun Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057499663","display_name":"Rosenfeld","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rosenfeld","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111805936"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.1328,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":126,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98403963,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"C-25","issue":"12","first_page":"1336","last_page":"1346"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6899935007095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.6169714331626892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5610983371734619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/document-processing","display_name":"Document processing","score":0.5154517292976379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-recognition","display_name":"Character recognition","score":0.46136704087257385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-character-recognition","display_name":"Intelligent character recognition","score":0.44895729422569275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4261065721511841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.38966378569602966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3523077666759491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2620578408241272}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6899935007095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.6169714331626892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5610983371734619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67905146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5287646","display_name":"Document processing","level":2,"score":0.5154517292976379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.46136704087257385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44868376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3099089","display_name":"Intelligent character recognition","level":4,"score":0.44895729422569275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4261065721511841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.38966378569602966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3523077666759491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2620578408241272}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.1976.1674602","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.1976.1674602","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":132,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W35255284","https://openalex.org/W114476996","https://openalex.org/W186878922","https://openalex.org/W256259101","https://openalex.org/W308126801","https://openalex.org/W387702900","https://openalex.org/W564239482","https://openalex.org/W564768457","https://openalex.org/W579832587","https://openalex.org/W598560442","https://openalex.org/W627134521","https://openalex.org/W1485035304","https://openalex.org/W1499545388","https://openalex.org/W1499976251","https://openalex.org/W1515456194","https://openalex.org/W1536628706","https://openalex.org/W1554104828","https://openalex.org/W1579570236","https://openalex.org/W1589450660","https://openalex.org/W1608315496","https://openalex.org/W1622620102","https://openalex.org/W1623080549","https://openalex.org/W1642534797","https://openalex.org/W1677036599","https://openalex.org/W1832233747","https://openalex.org/W1852924452","https://openalex.org/W1963484232","https://openalex.org/W1968245656","https://openalex.org/W1970000404","https://openalex.org/W1970185999","https://openalex.org/W1978818813","https://openalex.org/W1979506239","https://openalex.org/W1979622972","https://openalex.org/W1979819178","https://openalex.org/W1984382409","https://openalex.org/W1986669721","https://openalex.org/W1989584148","https://openalex.org/W1993043695","https://openalex.org/W1998033396","https://openalex.org/W2001847421","https://openalex.org/W2009881214","https://openalex.org/W2011551012","https://openalex.org/W2011784770","https://openalex.org/W2019079363","https://openalex.org/W2024048306","https://openalex.org/W2026463292","https://openalex.org/W2026740477","https://openalex.org/W2028781875","https://openalex.org/W2028973780","https://openalex.org/W2029373232","https://openalex.org/W2030492942","https://openalex.org/W2031435600","https://openalex.org/W2033266778","https://openalex.org/W2036812378","https://openalex.org/W2037269794","https://openalex.org/W2039318931","https://openalex.org/W2042342673","https://openalex.org/W2042628505","https://openalex.org/W2044083491","https://openalex.org/W2044465660","https://openalex.org/W2045798786","https://openalex.org/W2049113041","https://openalex.org/W2050360441","https://openalex.org/W2053567504","https://openalex.org/W2054011912","https://openalex.org/W2054804336","https://openalex.org/W2057977953","https://openalex.org/W2059523169","https://openalex.org/W2061315523","https://openalex.org/W2061766644","https://openalex.org/W2066374992","https://openalex.org/W2066399930","https://openalex.org/W2069471540","https://openalex.org/W2070792131","https://openalex.org/W2073503732","https://openalex.org/W2076506437","https://openalex.org/W2089628901","https://openalex.org/W2091093248","https://openalex.org/W2093824208","https://openalex.org/W2094479598","https://openalex.org/W2104822561","https://openalex.org/W2107114124","https://openalex.org/W2112994057","https://openalex.org/W2116103075","https://openalex.org/W2117370600","https://openalex.org/W2117395697","https://openalex.org/W2122888449","https://openalex.org/W2131848667","https://openalex.org/W2133246412","https://openalex.org/W2135346934","https://openalex.org/W2136521448","https://openalex.org/W2146173142","https://openalex.org/W2155361504","https://openalex.org/W2156294849","https://openalex.org/W2156642595","https://openalex.org/W2162542068","https://openalex.org/W2163009106","https://openalex.org/W2170837769","https://openalex.org/W2318218960","https://openalex.org/W2322951925","https://openalex.org/W2326350690","https://openalex.org/W2331651964","https://openalex.org/W2475956083","https://openalex.org/W2479002555","https://openalex.org/W2502054453","https://openalex.org/W2502696531","https://openalex.org/W2562007467","https://openalex.org/W2563218975","https://openalex.org/W2590685552","https://openalex.org/W2595193818","https://openalex.org/W3017143921","https://openalex.org/W3029185339","https://openalex.org/W3082515579","https://openalex.org/W3096692202","https://openalex.org/W3175286148","https://openalex.org/W4211170080","https://openalex.org/W4234264044","https://openalex.org/W4235034710","https://openalex.org/W4242142108","https://openalex.org/W4243707878","https://openalex.org/W4248959433","https://openalex.org/W4249408665","https://openalex.org/W4253172558","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6634665254","https://openalex.org/W6638839427","https://openalex.org/W6646485397","https://openalex.org/W6704431993","https://openalex.org/W6721228809","https://openalex.org/W6721620639","https://openalex.org/W6724380558","https://openalex.org/W6724791310"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2218402054","https://openalex.org/W4309724674","https://openalex.org/W2424456397","https://openalex.org/W2811459303","https://openalex.org/W2467330454","https://openalex.org/W2041570030","https://openalex.org/W2022936814","https://openalex.org/W1941071635","https://openalex.org/W2072750266","https://openalex.org/W3176102275"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Extensive":[0],"research":[1],"and":[2,18,49,66],"development":[3],"has":[4],"taken":[5],"place":[6],"over":[7],"the":[8,13],"last":[9],"20":[10],"years":[11],"in":[12,62],"areas":[14],"of":[15,59],"pattern":[16,64],"recognition":[17,65],"image":[19,67],"processing.":[20],"Areas":[21],"to":[22],"which":[23],"these":[24],"disciplines":[25],"have":[26],"been":[27],"applied":[28],"include":[29],"business":[30],"(e.":[31],"g.,":[32],"character":[33],"recognition),":[34,48],"medicine":[35],"(diagnosis,":[36],"abnormality":[37],"detection),":[38],"automation":[39],"(robot":[40],"vision),":[41],"military":[42],"intelligence,":[43],"communications":[44],"(data":[45],"compression,":[46],"speech":[47],"many":[50],"others.":[51],"This":[52],"paper":[53],"presents":[54],"a":[55],"very":[56],"brief":[57],"survey":[58],"recent":[60],"developments":[61],"basic":[63],"processing":[68],"techniques.":[69]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}