{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2001440162","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.1976.1674601","title":"On Communications and Networks","display_name":"On Communications and Networks","publication_year":1976,"publication_date":"1976-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2001440162","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.1976.1674601","mag":"2001440162"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.1976.1674601","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.1976.1674601","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","0016-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009336004","display_name":"Kleinrock","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803209242","display_name":"University of California System","ror":"https://ror.org/00pjdza24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kleinrock","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","Department of Computer Science University of California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science University of California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009336004"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765","https://openalex.org/I2803209242"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2974,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79319083,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"C-25","issue":"12","first_page":"1326","last_page":"1335"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11409","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Network Optimization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11409","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Network Optimization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7299429774284363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/packet-switching","display_name":"Packet switching","score":0.6214283108711243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-satellite","display_name":"Communications satellite","score":0.5871943235397339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fast-packet-switching","display_name":"Fast packet switching","score":0.5710647702217102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5515996813774109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","score":0.49896240234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.49601849913597107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4939315915107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/packet-radio","display_name":"Packet radio","score":0.48593440651893616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circuit-switching","display_name":"Circuit switching","score":0.479525089263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-network","display_name":"Telecommunications network","score":0.45426198840141296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presentation","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","score":0.4139893054962158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/processing-delay","display_name":"Processing delay","score":0.25300538539886475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite","display_name":"Satellite","score":0.21299707889556885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission-delay","display_name":"Transmission delay","score":0.2062073051929474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.19415229558944702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13328975439071655}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7299429774284363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113508815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193446","display_name":"Packet switching","level":3,"score":0.6214283108711243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.5871943235397339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115023222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5437045","display_name":"Fast packet switching","level":5,"score":0.5710647702217102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5515996813774109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144559511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2986279","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.49896240234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.49601849913597107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4939315915107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167465779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1336005","display_name":"Packet radio","level":3,"score":0.48593440651893616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74294265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506273","display_name":"Circuit switching","level":2,"score":0.479525089263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192126672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068715","display_name":"Telecommunications network","level":2,"score":0.45426198840141296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3409113","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","level":2,"score":0.4139893054962158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21434264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247320","display_name":"Processing delay","level":4,"score":0.25300538539886475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.21299707889556885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108921912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834639","display_name":"Transmission delay","level":3,"score":0.2062073051929474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.19415229558944702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13328975439071655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.1976.1674601","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.1976.1674601","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","0016-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.228.8122","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.228.8122","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.lk.cs.ucla.edu/data/files/Kleinrock/On%20Communications%20and%20Networks.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W21410393","https://openalex.org/W56799114","https://openalex.org/W179149130","https://openalex.org/W189465260","https://openalex.org/W227692310","https://openalex.org/W1581927840","https://openalex.org/W1604294260","https://openalex.org/W1621239299","https://openalex.org/W1623709664","https://openalex.org/W1967821834","https://openalex.org/W1973231361","https://openalex.org/W1974199790","https://openalex.org/W1975079087","https://openalex.org/W1980084436","https://openalex.org/W1982660697","https://openalex.org/W2010359062","https://openalex.org/W2013440593","https://openalex.org/W2014757250","https://openalex.org/W2016244936","https://openalex.org/W2021136283","https://openalex.org/W2021845215","https://openalex.org/W2033670833","https://openalex.org/W2072941982","https://openalex.org/W2077095314","https://openalex.org/W2079199347","https://openalex.org/W2089155788","https://openalex.org/W2094343168","https://openalex.org/W2108689001","https://openalex.org/W2126289685","https://openalex.org/W2129239342","https://openalex.org/W2131624837","https://openalex.org/W2135131718","https://openalex.org/W2142076918","https://openalex.org/W2142221725","https://openalex.org/W2149615991","https://openalex.org/W2150499895","https://openalex.org/W2151688082","https://openalex.org/W2155113352","https://openalex.org/W2157123379","https://openalex.org/W2160339200","https://openalex.org/W2223053016","https://openalex.org/W3014789883","https://openalex.org/W6607681738","https://openalex.org/W6636732872","https://openalex.org/W6643622460","https://openalex.org/W6654135084","https://openalex.org/W6676301987","https://openalex.org/W6682538948"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2169595109","https://openalex.org/W2010120844","https://openalex.org/W640242547","https://openalex.org/W1917505367","https://openalex.org/W4254084038","https://openalex.org/W2071685753","https://openalex.org/W2117557554","https://openalex.org/W8314501","https://openalex.org/W1485431665","https://openalex.org/W2280033551"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Data":[0],"communications":[1,23],"has":[2],"come":[3],"of":[4,12,37,43,49,56,69],"age.":[5],"In":[6],"this":[7,50],"paper,":[8],"we":[9],"highlight":[10],"some":[11,75],"the":[13,20,29,34,41,44,57,61],"principal":[14],"events":[15],"that":[16],"led":[17],"up":[18],"to":[19,52],"revolution":[21],"in":[22,40,78],"among":[24],"information":[25],"processing":[26],"systems.":[27],"Perhaps":[28],"most":[30,48],"important":[31],"event":[32],"was":[33],"technological":[35],"development":[36],"packet":[38,80],"switching":[39,81],"form":[42],"ARPANET.":[45],"We":[46,72],"devote":[47],"presentation":[51],"a":[53],"brief":[54],"summary":[55],"ARPANET":[58],"experience,":[59],"emphasizing":[60],"description,":[62],"functions,":[63],"analysis,":[64],"design":[65],"and":[66,86],"performance":[67],"measurement":[68],"packet-switching":[70],"networks.":[71],"also":[73],"discuss":[74],"recent":[76],"advances":[77],"radio":[79],"for":[82],"long-haul":[83],"(i.e.,":[84],"satellite)":[85],"terminal-access":[87],"communications.":[88]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
