{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1993756498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.1972.5009044","title":"Pipelining of Arithmetic Functions","display_name":"Pipelining of Arithmetic Functions","publication_year":1972,"publication_date":"1972-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1993756498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.1972.5009044","mag":"1993756498"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.1972.5009044","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.1972.5009044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088772724","display_name":"Thomas G. Hallin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas G. Hallin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc., Naperville, IL, USA","Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc., Naperville, Ill. 60540"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc., Naperville, IL, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc., Naperville, Ill. 60540","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013893779","display_name":"Michael Flynn","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael J. Flynn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088772724"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4949,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93900729,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"C-21","issue":"8","first_page":"880","last_page":"886"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adder","display_name":"Adder","score":0.7939867973327637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6377246379852295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.6208564639091492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.5859514474868774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5306084752082825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operand","display_name":"Operand","score":0.5232652425765991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplier","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","score":0.45800185203552246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carry-save-adder","display_name":"Carry-save adder","score":0.43119704723358154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.40397024154663086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.34146904945373535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.31515198945999146}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164620267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376953","display_name":"Adder","level":3,"score":0.7939867973327637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6377246379852295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.6208564639091492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.5859514474868774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5306084752082825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55526617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q719375","display_name":"Operand","level":2,"score":0.5232652425765991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124584101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053266","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","level":2,"score":0.45800185203552246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3227080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5046770","display_name":"Carry-save adder","level":4,"score":0.43119704723358154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.40397024154663086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.34146904945373535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.31515198945999146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.1972.5009044","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.1972.5009044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6800000071525574,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975708519","https://openalex.org/W1976039195","https://openalex.org/W1983849809","https://openalex.org/W2038696337","https://openalex.org/W2052363354","https://openalex.org/W2089266283","https://openalex.org/W2091336566","https://openalex.org/W2121843607","https://openalex.org/W2122852667","https://openalex.org/W2131647018","https://openalex.org/W2157847763","https://openalex.org/W2160587268","https://openalex.org/W6678256917"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2967107136","https://openalex.org/W2072220574","https://openalex.org/W2489015823","https://openalex.org/W2516396101","https://openalex.org/W2186498568","https://openalex.org/W4295540194","https://openalex.org/W2162004439","https://openalex.org/W2558076308","https://openalex.org/W4285082868","https://openalex.org/W2120552212"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Two":[0],"addition":[1,34],"and":[2,31,35,49,83,119,137],"three":[3],"multiplication":[4],"algorithms":[5,30],"were":[6],"studied":[7],"to":[8,23,75],"see":[9],"the":[10,25,76,98,103,107,122,145],"effect":[11],"of":[12,19,28,47,100,110,116,125,167,195],"pipelining":[13,143],"on":[14,55,79],"system":[15],"efficiency.":[16,151],"A":[17],"definition":[18,38,88],"efficiency":[20,90,92,173,201],"was":[21],"derived":[22],"compare":[24],"relative":[26],"merits":[27],"various":[29],"implementations":[32],"for":[33,89,130],"multiplication.":[36],"This":[37],"is":[39,66,72,91,97,106,121,156,174,184,202],"basically":[40],"defined":[41],"as":[42,68],"bandwidth":[43,71],"cost.":[44],"Previous":[45],"comparisons":[46],"adders":[48],"multipliers":[50],"have":[51],"generally":[52],"been":[53],"based":[54],"latency.":[56],"In":[57,132],"a":[58,157,165,185,193],"pipeline":[59,112],"environment,":[60],"latency":[61],"(or":[62],"its":[63],"inverse":[64],"bandwidth)":[65],"not":[67],"important.":[69],"Any":[70],"possible":[73],"up":[74],"physical":[77],"limitations":[78],"gate":[80,117,135],"delay":[81,108,166,194],"variations":[82,136],"pulse":[84,138],"skew.":[85],"The":[86,152,180],"formal":[87],"=":[93],"N/D\u00b7G":[94],"where":[95,134],"N":[96],"number":[99,124],"bits":[101],"in":[102,114,149],"operands,":[104],"D":[105],"(uniform)":[109],"each":[111],"stage":[113],"units":[115],"delays,":[118],"G":[120],"total":[123],"gates,":[126],"including":[127],"any":[128],"used":[129],"latching.":[131],"cases":[133],"skewing":[139],"are":[140],"well":[141],"defined,":[142],"using":[144],"Earle":[146],"latch":[147],"results":[148],"increased":[150],"most":[153,181],"efficient":[154,182],"adder":[155,161],"maximally":[158,186],"pipelined":[159,187],"conditional-sum":[160],"(three":[162],"stages":[163,191],"with":[164,192],"four":[168,196],"gates":[169,197],"per":[170,198],"stage).":[171,199],"Its":[172,200],"6.30\u00d710":[175],"<sup":[176,204],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[177,205],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">-3</sup>":[178],".":[179,207],"multiplier":[183,189],"tree":[188],"(eight":[190],"3.48\u00d710":[203],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">-4</sup>":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
