{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1967683545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.1968.5008872","title":"Maximal Memory Binary Input-Binary Output Finite-Memory Sequential Machines","display_name":"Maximal Memory Binary Input-Binary Output Finite-Memory Sequential Machines","publication_year":1968,"publication_date":"1968-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1967683545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.1968.5008872","mag":"1967683545"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.1968.5008872","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.1968.5008872","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","0016-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113453591","display_name":"Monroe Newborn","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52357470","display_name":"The Ohio State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rs6vg23","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Monroe M. Newborn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Elec. Engrg., Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.; Dept. of Elec. Engrg., Columbia University, New York, N. Y","Dept. of Elec. Engrg., Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio","Dept. of Elec. Engrg., Columbia University, New York, N. Y"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Elec. Engrg., Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.; Dept. of Elec. Engrg., Columbia University, New York, N. Y","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Elec. Engrg., Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Elec. Engrg., Columbia University, New York, N. Y","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113453591"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52357470","https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2767,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85197078,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"C-17","issue":"1","first_page":"67","last_page":"71"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12072","display_name":"Machine Learning and Algorithms","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12288","display_name":"Optimization and Search Problems","score":0.987500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.7083173990249634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.49746230244636536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42688778042793274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.41524964570999146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3597743809223175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.3581281006336212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33745020627975464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2968180775642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.2384166717529297}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.7083173990249634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.49746230244636536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42688778042793274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.41524964570999146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3597743809223175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3581281006336212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33745020627975464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2968180775642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.2384166717529297}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tc.1968.5008872","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tc.1968.5008872","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157670870","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","issn_l":"0018-9340","issn":["0018-9340","0016-9340","1557-9956","2326-3814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2012588232","https://openalex.org/W2016258810","https://openalex.org/W2054078396","https://openalex.org/W2056485443","https://openalex.org/W2075703340","https://openalex.org/W2131381203"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W2544423928","https://openalex.org/W2052122378","https://openalex.org/W2053286651","https://openalex.org/W2181743346","https://openalex.org/W2187401768","https://openalex.org/W2980963558","https://openalex.org/W2181413294","https://openalex.org/W2989452537"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gill":[0],"<sup":[1,32,82],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[2,25,33,42,52,83,101,133,173,199],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">[1]</sup>":[3],"has":[4,29,86],"shown":[5,31,87,140,154,180],"that":[6,35,88,115,155,181],"if":[7],"there":[8,36,89,119,159,185],"exists":[9,37,90,120,186],"a":[10,61,91,187],"finite-memory":[11,95,126,192],"n-state":[12,39,122,191],"sequential":[13],"machine":[14,46,96,127,193],"with":[15,47,97,128,167,194],"finite":[16],"memory":[17,48,98,129,168],"\u03bc,":[18],"then":[19],"\u03bc":[20,69,138,169,195],"cannot":[21],"exceed":[22],"\u00bdn(n-1)\u0394N":[23],"<sub":[24,41,51,100,132,172,198],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">n</sub>":[26,43,53,102,134,174,200],".":[27,175],"He":[28],"further":[30],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">[2]</sup>":[34],"an":[38,121],"N":[40,50,131,171,197],"input-binary":[44,93,124,189],"output":[45,94,125,190],"\u03bc=":[49,130],"for":[54,103,116,156,182],"every":[55,104,117,157,183],"n.":[56,105],"The":[57,106],"question":[58],"of":[59,73,109,148],"whether":[60],"tighter":[62],"upper":[63],"bound":[64],"might":[65],"be":[66,143,179],"placed":[67],"on":[68],"by":[70,79,145],"the":[71,74,146,149],"order":[72,147],"input":[75,150],"alphabet":[76],"was":[77],"raised":[78],"Gill.":[80],"Massey":[81],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">[3]</sup>":[84],"recently":[85],"ternary":[92],"\u03bc=N":[99],"primary":[107],"purpose":[108],"this":[110],"note":[111],"is":[112,139,153],"to":[113,142],"show":[114],"n":[118,158,184],"binary":[123,188],",":[135],"and":[136],"thus":[137],"not":[141],"limited":[144],"alphabet.":[151],"It":[152,176],"are":[160],"actually":[161],"at":[162],"least":[163],"two":[164],"different":[165],"machines":[166],"=":[170,196],"will":[177],"also":[178],"-1.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-07T14:30:12.667765","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}