{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416582873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2025.3636521","title":"Full-Spectrum Analysis With Machine Learning for Quantitative Assessment of Lateral Flow Immunoassays: A Platform Approach","display_name":"Full-Spectrum Analysis With Machine Learning for Quantitative Assessment of Lateral Flow Immunoassays: A Platform Approach","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416582873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2025.3636521","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41284460"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2025.3636521","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2025.3636521","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011024141","display_name":"Cheng\u2010Han Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9542-525X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803004286","display_name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03ymy8z76","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803004286"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng-Han Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9542-525X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803004286"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016347904","display_name":"Yi\u2010Tzu Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6183-4987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803004286","display_name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03ymy8z76","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803004286"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Tzu Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan","Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803004286"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803004286"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111969465","display_name":"Chitsung Hong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138831","display_name":"Spectra Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04ssfcp90","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138831"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148926","display_name":"Powerchip (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/04e2r7y81","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148926"]}],"countries":["TW","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chitsung Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spectrochip Inc., Taiwan","Spectrochip Inc., Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spectrochip Inc., Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138831"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spectrochip Inc., Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090230802","display_name":"Ciao-Ming Tsai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8105-1501"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ciao-Ming Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan","Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8105-1501","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113465195","display_name":"Cheng Hao Ko","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng-Hao Ko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Automation and Control, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan","Graduate Institute of Automation and Control, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Automation and Control, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Automation and Control, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019672982","display_name":"Chao\u2010Min Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8644-1960"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao-Min Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8644-1960","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3115,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56450812,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"7","first_page":"2531","last_page":"2538"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11393","display_name":"Biosensors and Analytical Detection","score":0.6068000197410583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11393","display_name":"Biosensors and Analytical Detection","score":0.6068000197410583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11754","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing","score":0.2930000126361847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12867","display_name":"Advanced Biosensing Techniques and Applications","score":0.01489999983459711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.6438999772071838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.42480000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.40619999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.3828999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.3709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantitative-assessment","display_name":"Quantitative assessment","score":0.35100001096725464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.6438999772071838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.42480000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.40619999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.3828999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.3709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984588014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q730675","display_name":"Quantitative assessment","level":2,"score":0.35100001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.349700003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.3257000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3244999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32109999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40993552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514654","display_name":"Gold standard (test)","level":2,"score":0.2953000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.2937000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162984825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339072","display_name":"Database normalization","level":3,"score":0.2806999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10390740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2282401","display_name":"Analyte","level":2,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32230216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7882499","display_name":"Uncertainty quantification","level":2,"score":0.2799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.2711000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.2630000114440918}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000073640","descriptor_name":"Betacoronavirus","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000073640","descriptor_name":"Betacoronavirus","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000073640","descriptor_name":"Betacoronavirus","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000073640","descriptor_name":"Betacoronavirus","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086742","descriptor_name":"COVID-19 Testing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086742","descriptor_name":"COVID-19 Testing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086742","descriptor_name":"COVID-19 Testing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000092025","descriptor_name":"Rapid Diagnostic Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000092025","descriptor_name":"Rapid Diagnostic Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000092025","descriptor_name":"Rapid Diagnostic Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006046","descriptor_name":"Gold","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006046","descriptor_name":"Gold","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006046","descriptor_name":"Gold","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007118","descriptor_name":"Immunoassay","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007118","descriptor_name":"Immunoassay","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007118","descriptor_name":"Immunoassay","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009305","descriptor_name":"Nasopharynx","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009305","descriptor_name":"Nasopharynx","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009305","descriptor_name":"Nasopharynx","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013057","descriptor_name":"Spectrum Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013057","descriptor_name":"Spectrum Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013057","descriptor_name":"Spectrum Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018352","descriptor_name":"Coronavirus Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018352","descriptor_name":"Coronavirus Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018352","descriptor_name":"Coronavirus Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018352","descriptor_name":"Coronavirus Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019411","descriptor_name":"Clinical Laboratory Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019411","descriptor_name":"Clinical Laboratory Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019411","descriptor_name":"Clinical Laboratory Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D053768","descriptor_name":"Metal Nanoparticles","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053768","descriptor_name":"Metal Nanoparticles","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053768","descriptor_name":"Metal Nanoparticles","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2025.3636521","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2025.3636521","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41284460","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41284460","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6565222300","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"V114B-001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327358","funder_display_name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327358","display_name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03ymy8z76"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973382639","https://openalex.org/W2753024880","https://openalex.org/W2763340064","https://openalex.org/W2810548347","https://openalex.org/W2954142086","https://openalex.org/W2966126968","https://openalex.org/W2968479810","https://openalex.org/W3034264547","https://openalex.org/W3035912196","https://openalex.org/W3044562457","https://openalex.org/W3089140723","https://openalex.org/W3094213759","https://openalex.org/W3137020411","https://openalex.org/W3167098376","https://openalex.org/W3205645559","https://openalex.org/W3205816259","https://openalex.org/W4210340398","https://openalex.org/W4223472321","https://openalex.org/W4280518491","https://openalex.org/W4292674915","https://openalex.org/W4310798769","https://openalex.org/W4317434672","https://openalex.org/W4320725980","https://openalex.org/W4321504164","https://openalex.org/W4366817470","https://openalex.org/W4385413891","https://openalex.org/W4385712034","https://openalex.org/W4387950696","https://openalex.org/W4392551959","https://openalex.org/W4398131385","https://openalex.org/W4401406622"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lateral":[0],"flow":[1,200],"immunoassays":[2],"(LFIAs)":[3],"provide":[4,211],"rapid":[5,51,208],"point-of-care":[6],"results":[7,210],"but":[8],"lack":[9],"quantitative":[10],"capabilities.":[11,33],"This":[12,152],"study":[13],"presents":[14],"a":[15,54,195],"platform":[16,153],"technology":[17],"integrating":[18],"full-spectrum":[19],"analysis":[20,81,117,136],"(400-700":[21],"nm)":[22],"with":[23,30,146],"machine":[24],"learning":[25,166],"to":[26,43,86,178],"enhance":[27],"qualitative":[28],"LFIAs":[29,158],"semi-quantitative":[31,161,209],"assessment":[32],"We":[34],"analyzed":[35],"241":[36],"clinical":[37],"nasopharyngeal":[38],"specimens":[39],"using":[40,170],"portable":[41],"spectrometry":[42],"capture":[44],"gold":[45,147],"nanoparticle":[46,148],"optical":[47],"signatures":[48],"from":[49,84],"SARS-CoV-2":[50],"tests":[52],"as":[53,140],"validation":[55],"model.":[56],"Systematic":[57],"evaluation":[58],"of":[59,121],"normalization":[60],"strategies":[61],"revealed":[62,118],"T-C":[63],"differential":[64],"outperformed":[65],"T/C":[66],"ratio":[67],"normalization.":[68],"Signal":[69],"processing":[70],"through":[71,164],"Savitzky-Golay":[72],"filtering,":[73],"standard":[74,157],"normal":[75],"variate":[76],"transformation,":[77],"and":[78,185],"principal":[79],"component":[80],"reduced":[82],"dimensionality":[83],"601":[85],"4":[87],"features":[88],"while":[89],"retaining":[90],"97.26%":[91],"variance.":[92],"Among":[93],"five":[94],"evaluated":[95],"algorithms,":[96],"random":[97],"forest":[98],"achieved":[99],"optimal":[100],"performance":[101],"(R\u00b2":[102],"=":[103,106],"0.961,":[104],"RMSE":[105],"2.235":[107],"Ct)":[108],"across":[109],"clinically":[110],"relevant":[111],"ranges":[112],"(PCR":[113],"Ct":[114],"10.8-35.0).":[115],"Bland-Altman":[116],"measurement":[119],"uncertainty":[120],"\u00b14.2":[122],"Ct,":[123],"indicating":[124],"suitability":[125],"for":[126,197],"population":[127],"surveillance":[128],"rather":[129],"than":[130,214],"precise":[131],"individual":[132],"quantification.":[133],"Feature":[134],"importance":[135],"identified":[137],"520-570":[138],"nm":[139],"the":[141,172],"critical":[142],"spectral":[143],"region,":[144],"consistent":[145],"surface":[149],"plasmon":[150],"resonance.":[151],"approach":[154],"demonstrates":[155],"that":[156],"contain":[159],"extractable":[160],"information":[162],"accessible":[163],"spectral-machine":[165],"integration.":[167],"While":[168],"validated":[169],"COVID-19,":[171],"framework's":[173],"modular":[174],"design":[175],"enables":[176],"adaptation":[177],"diverse":[179],"analytes":[180],"including":[181],"biomarkers,":[182],"therapeutic":[183],"drugs,":[184],"environmental":[186],"contaminants":[187],"without":[188],"fundamental":[189],"architectural":[190],"changes.":[191],"The":[192],"methodology":[193],"establishes":[194],"foundation":[196],"enhanced":[198],"lateral":[199],"diagnostics,":[201],"particularly":[202],"valuable":[203],"in":[204],"resource-limited":[205],"settings":[206],"where":[207],"greater":[212],"utility":[213],"delayed":[215],"laboratory":[216],"measurements.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-12T21:12:35.861297","created_date":"2025-11-25T00:00:00"}
