{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414603660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2025.3615264","title":"Fully On-Smartphone: Efficient Speed-Up of Sperm Tracking Algorithm for Point-of-Care Semen Analysis","display_name":"Fully On-Smartphone: Efficient Speed-Up of Sperm Tracking Algorithm for Point-of-Care Semen Analysis","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414603660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2025.3615264","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41021968"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2025.3615264","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2025.3615264","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015082378","display_name":"Yongbin Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4227-7599"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongbin Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China","School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053853580","display_name":"Aojun Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6674-2398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aojun Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada","Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6674-2398","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042237627","display_name":"Xiliang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3807-1106"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129955","display_name":"General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region","ror":"https://ror.org/0340t0585","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129955"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151337","display_name":"Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou","ror":"https://ror.org/03xbe6k03","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiliang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, China","Department of Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenhe District, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-181X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151337"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenhe District, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129955"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100743270","display_name":"Miao Hao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0101-6648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miao Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, China","School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082137392","display_name":"Yang Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3782-4655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China","School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073878171","display_name":"Zhongneng Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1014-7159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zidong Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China","School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032906659","display_name":"Jiachun Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6529-5490"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiachun Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China","School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040528113","display_name":"Yufei Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2357-8038"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yufei Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China","School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6671-931X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087138345","display_name":"Chunfeng Yue","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091888","display_name":"Boundless Bio (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00ck5k311","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091888"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092817","display_name":"Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00f58mx93","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210092817"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunfeng Yue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Suzhou Boundless Medical Technology Company Ltd., China","Suzhou Boundless Medical Technology Company Ltd., Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Suzhou Boundless Medical Technology Company Ltd., China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091888"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Suzhou Boundless Medical Technology Company Ltd., Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092817"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044507305","display_name":"Zongjie Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9731-8215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091888","display_name":"Boundless Bio (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00ck5k311","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091888"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092817","display_name":"Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00f58mx93","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210092817"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zongjie Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Suzhou Boundless Medical Technology Company Ltd., China","Suzhou Boundless Medical Technology Company Ltd., Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Suzhou Boundless Medical Technology Company Ltd., China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091888"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Suzhou Boundless Medical Technology Company Ltd., Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092817"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057969310","display_name":"Rongan Zhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4466-2626"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141962983","display_name":"Shanghai University of Engineering Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0557b9y08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141962983"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157582","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Process Automation Instrumentation (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04k7c8d26","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157582"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongan Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, Shanghai University, China","Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4466-2626","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, Shanghai University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042","https://openalex.org/I141962983","https://openalex.org/I4210157582"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046212277","display_name":"Junhui Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3730-5153"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I308837","display_name":"Suzhou University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04en8wb91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I308837"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junhui Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, China","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5460-8481","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I308837"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I308837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109226106","display_name":"Changhai Ru","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I308837","display_name":"Suzhou University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04en8wb91","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I308837"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changhai Ru","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, China","School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4162-0240","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I308837"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I308837"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003507425","display_name":"Chao Du","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129955","display_name":"General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region","ror":"https://ror.org/0340t0585","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129955"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151337","display_name":"Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou","ror":"https://ror.org/03xbe6k03","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, China","Department of Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenhe District, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1527-4170","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151337"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenhe District, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129955"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016725133","display_name":"Bolun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1235-686X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129955","display_name":"General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region","ror":"https://ror.org/0340t0585","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129955"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151337","display_name":"Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou","ror":"https://ror.org/03xbe6k03","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bolun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, China","Department of Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenhe District, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151337"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenhe District, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129955"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101406295","display_name":"Yuexin Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2804-6417"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129955","display_name":"General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region","ror":"https://ror.org/0340t0585","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129955"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuexin Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China","Department of Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenhe District, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2818-6092","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129955"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenhe District, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129955"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100652271","display_name":"Zhuoran Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-4210"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuoran Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China","School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8737-4210","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":17,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.31553946,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"5","first_page":"1781","last_page":"1793"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10116","display_name":"Sperm and Testicular Function","score":0.8260999917984009,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10116","display_name":"Sperm and Testicular Function","score":0.8260999917984009,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10390","display_name":"Ovarian function and disorders","score":0.06040000170469284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11156","display_name":"Reproductive Health and Technologies","score":0.018699999898672104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semen","display_name":"Semen","score":0.5353999733924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.4648999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sperm","display_name":"Sperm","score":0.45080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infertility","display_name":"Infertility","score":0.41530001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm-design","display_name":"Algorithm design","score":0.4099000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semen-analysis","display_name":"Semen analysis","score":0.40380001068115234}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778093475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9715","display_name":"Semen","level":2,"score":0.5353999733924866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.4648999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781087480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17145","display_name":"Sperm","level":2,"score":0.45080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777688143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179399","display_name":"Infertility","level":3,"score":0.41530001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.4099000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777589648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501844","display_name":"Semen analysis","level":4,"score":0.40380001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.3294999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991958373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q964401","display_name":"Male fertility","level":4,"score":0.3221000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910829485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17145","display_name":"Sperm cell","level":3,"score":0.3138999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2671000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777338322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q280156","display_name":"Male infertility","level":4,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018824978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2894891","display_name":"Error analysis","level":2,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000068997","descriptor_name":"Smartphone","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013094","descriptor_name":"Spermatozoa","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013094","descriptor_name":"Spermatozoa","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019095","descriptor_name":"Point-of-Care Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055101","descriptor_name":"Semen Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055101","descriptor_name":"Semen Analysis","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2025.3615264","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2025.3615264","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41021968","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41021968","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2807125053","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024A1515010160","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7727633222","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62203374","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000334968","https://openalex.org/W2019005306","https://openalex.org/W2048605796","https://openalex.org/W2065961781","https://openalex.org/W2100548006","https://openalex.org/W2119532062","https://openalex.org/W2158973469","https://openalex.org/W2190800365","https://openalex.org/W2473818184","https://openalex.org/W2550182967","https://openalex.org/W2552496450","https://openalex.org/W2594652842","https://openalex.org/W2599086938","https://openalex.org/W2778832623","https://openalex.org/W2923028751","https://openalex.org/W2951179095","https://openalex.org/W2976790646","https://openalex.org/W3214586131","https://openalex.org/W4205577874","https://openalex.org/W4223446077","https://openalex.org/W4297456994","https://openalex.org/W4312689495","https://openalex.org/W4321372244","https://openalex.org/W4324382684","https://openalex.org/W4328027500","https://openalex.org/W4385727978","https://openalex.org/W4388495432","https://openalex.org/W4389230623","https://openalex.org/W4390874772","https://openalex.org/W4391917995","https://openalex.org/W4398216167"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"To":[1,86],"develop":[2],"a":[3,98,106,127,159,167,188],"lowcost,":[4],"accurate,":[5],"and":[6,13,166],"fully-on-smartphone":[7],"system":[8],"for":[9],"pointofcare":[10,194,206],"semen":[11,61,195],"analysis":[12,196],"to":[14,75,111,138,211],"address":[15],"the":[16,44,90,113,209],"computational":[17,57],"bottlenecks":[18],"in":[19,82,197,216],"dense":[20],"sperm":[21],"tracking":[22],"on":[23,51,134,181,200],"resourceconstrained":[24],"devices.":[25,183,202],"METHODS:":[26],"A":[27],"portable":[28],"optical":[29],"attachment":[30],"enabling":[31],"microscopic":[32],"video":[33,177],"acquisition":[34],"through":[35],"consumer-grade":[36],"smartphone":[37,146,189],"cameras":[38],"was":[39,95],"developed.":[40],"Initial":[41],"deployment":[42],"of":[43,78,163,171],"Joint":[45],"Probabilistic":[46],"Data":[47],"Association":[48],"Filter":[49],"(JPDAF)":[50],"legacy":[52],"mobile":[53],"hardware":[54],"revealed":[55],"critical":[56],"bottlenecks,":[58],"where":[59],"high-density":[60],"samples":[62,151,199],"($\\approx$":[63],"80":[64],"million":[65,153],"sperm/mL)":[66,154],"induced":[67],"exponential":[68],"processing":[69],"delays":[70],"exceeding":[71],"3":[72],"hours":[73],"due":[74],"exhaustive":[76],"enumeration":[77,140],"feasible":[79],"joint":[80],"events":[81],"highdensity":[83,198],"local":[84,124,135],"regions.":[85],"overcome":[87],"this":[88],"limitation,":[89],"Global-Local":[91],"Integrated":[92],"JPDAF":[93],"(GLIJPDAF)":[94],"proposed,":[96],"featuring":[97],"twostage":[99],"clustering":[100,104,125],"strategy:":[101],"(1)":[102],"global":[103],"via":[105],"nondiagonal":[107],"matrix":[108,115],"partitioning":[109],"algorithm":[110,130],"split":[112],"validation":[114],"into":[116,187],"sparse":[117],"submatrices":[118],"isolating":[119],"homogeneous":[120],"association":[121],"regions;":[122],"(2)":[123],"with":[126],"dynamic":[128],"kmeans++":[129],"(adaptive":[131],"k":[132],"based":[133],"non-zero":[136],"density)":[137],"cap":[139],"complexity.":[141],"RESULTS:":[142],"Validation":[143],"across":[144],"four":[145],"platforms":[147],"using":[148],"90":[149],"patient":[150],"(50-250":[152],"demonstrated":[155],"that":[156],"GLIJPDAF":[157,186],"achieved":[158],"mean":[160,168],"concentration":[161],"error":[162,170],"0.84":[164],"million/mL":[165],"motility":[169],"0.74%.":[172],"Processing":[173],"times":[174],"per":[175],"3s":[176],"remained":[178],"under":[179],"120s":[180],"all":[182],"CONCLUSION:":[184],"Integrating":[185],"platform":[190],"enables":[191],"rapid,":[192],"accurate":[193],"resourcelimited":[201],"SIGNIFICANCE:":[203],"This":[204],"accessible":[205],"solution":[207],"has":[208],"potential":[210],"broaden":[212],"male":[213],"infertility":[214],"screening":[215],"lowresource":[217],"settings.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
