{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412493279","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2025.3590271","title":"Respiratory Signal Estimation for Free-Hand 2D Ultrasound Image via Heterogeneous Alignment and Conditional Generative Learning","display_name":"Respiratory Signal Estimation for Free-Hand 2D Ultrasound Image via Heterogeneous Alignment and Conditional Generative Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412493279","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2025.3590271","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40674202"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2025.3590271","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2025.3590271","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jingshu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5164-074X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingshu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, China","School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5164-074X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053723268","display_name":"Tianyu Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9808-960X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyu Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9808-960X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hong Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3171-2604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3171-2604","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085936638","display_name":"Jingfan Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4857-6490"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingfan Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, China","School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4857-6490","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012390446","display_name":"Danni Ai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2285-0570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danni Ai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, China","School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2285-0570","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012191915","display_name":"Deqiang Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7478-1394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deqiang Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, China","School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7478-1394","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ying Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1729-2092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1729-2092","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jian Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1250-6319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1250-6319","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21072893,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"2","first_page":"669","last_page":"684"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":0.6166999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10358","display_name":"Advanced Radiotherapy Techniques","score":0.6166999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10727","display_name":"Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography","score":0.195700004696846,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.020600000396370888,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6798549294471741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.617175817489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.58524489402771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-estimation","display_name":"Motion estimation","score":0.5381714701652527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5270686149597168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.45242512226104736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.4453392028808594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4313376247882843}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6798549294471741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.617175817489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.58524489402771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10161872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557891","display_name":"Motion estimation","level":2,"score":0.5381714701652527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5270686149597168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.45242512226104736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4453392028808594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4313376247882843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012119","descriptor_name":"Respiration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012119","descriptor_name":"Respiration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012119","descriptor_name":"Respiration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2025.3590271","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2025.3590271","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40674202","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40674202","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983804050","https://openalex.org/W2001141328","https://openalex.org/W2040700742","https://openalex.org/W2053186076","https://openalex.org/W2097308346","https://openalex.org/W2133025770","https://openalex.org/W2138621090","https://openalex.org/W2146905754","https://openalex.org/W2419433152","https://openalex.org/W2519340235","https://openalex.org/W2530414057","https://openalex.org/W2535216979","https://openalex.org/W2743104969","https://openalex.org/W2798918712","https://openalex.org/W2889340074","https://openalex.org/W2890530234","https://openalex.org/W2911286998","https://openalex.org/W2913508374","https://openalex.org/W2962756421","https://openalex.org/W3034706925","https://openalex.org/W3037660406","https://openalex.org/W3125359036","https://openalex.org/W3201974489","https://openalex.org/W3206709865","https://openalex.org/W4252095786","https://openalex.org/W4294992360","https://openalex.org/W4313546942","https://openalex.org/W4318946807","https://openalex.org/W4362458307","https://openalex.org/W4387016322","https://openalex.org/W4392449762"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2770593030","https://openalex.org/W3154990682","https://openalex.org/W2560201613","https://openalex.org/W2171975302","https://openalex.org/W2022352247","https://openalex.org/W2488129135","https://openalex.org/W4312219546","https://openalex.org/W2377538627","https://openalex.org/W2107220315","https://openalex.org/W1589637664"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"2D":[1],"ultrasound":[2,33,71,81,224,234],"sequence":[3],"captures":[4],"respiration-induced":[5],"morphological":[6],"variation":[7],"of":[8,70,109,140,154,215],"organs":[9],"and":[10,80,94,158,202,226],"is":[11,73,89,113,137,187,220],"the":[12,18,22,26,40,107,121,124,138,141,151,155,159,177,196,213,228],"most":[13],"widely":[14],"used":[15],"for":[16,183,230],"estimating":[17],"signal":[19,49,111,136,182],"that":[20,195],"represents":[21],"respiratory":[23,37,48,78,93,103,110,126,135,181,233],"motion.":[24,84],"However,":[25],"spatial":[27,59,83,95],"motion":[28,60,79,127],"introduced":[29],"by":[30,63,176],"clinical":[31],"free-hand":[32,64,164],"acquisition":[34,165,218],"mixes":[35],"with":[36],"motion,":[38],"reducing":[39],"estimation":[41,50,112],"accuracy.":[42],"This":[43],"study":[44],"proposes":[45],"an":[46],"unsupervised":[47,210],"method":[51,157,198],"based":[52],"on":[53],"heterogeneous":[54,68],"information":[55],"alignment":[56],"to":[57,75,91,171,179,223],"address":[58],"interference":[61],"caused":[62],"acquisition.":[65],"METHODS:":[66],"A":[67],"graph":[69],"slices":[72,99],"created":[74],"isolate":[76],"organ":[77],"probe":[82],"The":[85,134,148,173,192,208],"hierarchical":[86],"attention":[87],"aggregation":[88],"employed":[90],"learn":[92],"correlation":[96,149],"independently,":[97],"mapping":[98,117],"into":[100,123],"a":[101,116,184],"unified":[102,125,145],"feature":[104,128,139],"space.":[105,146],"Then,":[106],"task":[108],"reframed":[114],"as":[115],"learning":[118],"problem,":[119],"translating":[120],"image":[122,217],"space":[129],"through":[130],"conditional":[131],"generative":[132],"learning.":[133],"slice":[142,186],"in":[143,162],"this":[144],"RESULTS:":[147],"between":[150],"estimated":[152],"results":[153,193],"proposed":[156,197,209],"ground":[160],"truth":[161],"various":[163],"modes":[166],"exceeded":[167],"93%,":[168],"reaching":[169],"up":[170],"97%.":[172],"time":[174],"required":[175],"model":[178],"estimate":[180],"single":[185],"roughly":[188],"2":[189],"ms.":[190],"CONCLUSION:":[191],"demonstrate":[194],"has":[199],"higher":[200],"accuracy":[201],"robustness":[203],"than":[204],"other":[205],"methods.":[206],"SIGNIFICANCE:":[207],"method,":[211],"without":[212],"constraint":[214],"fixed":[216],"positions,":[219],"better":[221],"suited":[222],"imaging":[225],"provides":[227],"foundation":[229],"real-time":[231],"4D":[232],"imaging.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
