{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406858689","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2025.3535235","title":"Design and Validation of a Wearable Ankle Push-Off Device in Cerebral Palsy: Is Spring Resistance as Effective as Motorized Resistance?","display_name":"Design and Validation of a Wearable Ankle Push-Off Device in Cerebral Palsy: Is Spring Resistance as Effective as Motorized Resistance?","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406858689","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2025.3535235","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40031316"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2025.3535235","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2025.3535235","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115509883","display_name":"Emmanuella A. Tagoe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6623-600X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203172682","display_name":"Northern Arizona University","ror":"https://ror.org/0272j5188","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203172682"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emmanuella A. Tagoe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northern Arizona University, USA","Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6623-600X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northern Arizona University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203172682"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203172682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072528953","display_name":"Karl Harshe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203172682","display_name":"Northern Arizona University","ror":"https://ror.org/0272j5188","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203172682"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karl Harshe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northern Arizona University, USA","Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northern Arizona University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203172682"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203172682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029339763","display_name":"Collin D. Bowersock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5545-8532"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203172682","display_name":"Northern Arizona University","ror":"https://ror.org/0272j5188","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203172682"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Collin D. Bowersock","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northern Arizona University, USA","Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5545-8532","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northern Arizona University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203172682"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203172682"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056393522","display_name":"Zachary F. Lerner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7359-436X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203172682","display_name":"Northern Arizona University","ror":"https://ror.org/0272j5188","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203172682"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zachary F. Lerner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7359-436X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203172682"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0201,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83492412,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"7","first_page":"2120","last_page":"2129"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11097","display_name":"Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders","score":0.6198999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11097","display_name":"Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders","score":0.6198999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.14910000562667847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11274","display_name":"Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders","score":0.07339999824762344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.7237690091133118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebral-palsy","display_name":"Cerebral palsy","score":0.7226231694221497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spring","display_name":"Spring (device)","score":0.6241069436073303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.5094006657600403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45861366391181946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ankle","display_name":"Ankle","score":0.45582661032676697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3336838483810425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2961689829826355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.13524267077445984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.1239226758480072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery","display_name":"Surgery","score":0.07623755931854248}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.7237690091133118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779421357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210427","display_name":"Cerebral palsy","level":2,"score":0.7226231694221497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778712887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102836","display_name":"Spring (device)","level":2,"score":0.6241069436073303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.5094006657600403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45861366391181946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778640784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168002","display_name":"Ankle","level":2,"score":0.45582661032676697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3336838483810425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2961689829826355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.13524267077445984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.1239226758480072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.07623755931854248}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000067190","descriptor_name":"Exoskeleton Device","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000067190","descriptor_name":"Exoskeleton Device","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000067190","descriptor_name":"Exoskeleton Device","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076251","descriptor_name":"Wearable Electronic Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076251","descriptor_name":"Wearable Electronic Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076251","descriptor_name":"Wearable Electronic Devices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000842","descriptor_name":"Ankle","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000842","descriptor_name":"Ankle","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000842","descriptor_name":"Ankle","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000842","descriptor_name":"Ankle","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000842","descriptor_name":"Ankle","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000842","descriptor_name":"Ankle","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001676","descriptor_name":"Biofeedback, Psychology","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001676","descriptor_name":"Biofeedback, Psychology","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001676","descriptor_name":"Biofeedback, Psychology","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002547","descriptor_name":"Cerebral Palsy","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002547","descriptor_name":"Cerebral Palsy","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002547","descriptor_name":"Cerebral Palsy","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002547","descriptor_name":"Cerebral Palsy","qualifier_ui":"Q000534","qualifier_name":"rehabilitation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002547","descriptor_name":"Cerebral Palsy","qualifier_ui":"Q000534","qualifier_name":"rehabilitation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002547","descriptor_name":"Cerebral Palsy","qualifier_ui":"Q000534","qualifier_name":"rehabilitation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016138","descriptor_name":"Walking","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016138","descriptor_name":"Walking","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016138","descriptor_name":"Walking","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2025.3535235","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2025.3535235","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:40031316","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40031316","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2075577064","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2045966","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1551622368","https://openalex.org/W2017124202","https://openalex.org/W2036636643","https://openalex.org/W2056556983","https://openalex.org/W2058074226","https://openalex.org/W2079114386","https://openalex.org/W2099061939","https://openalex.org/W2102653827","https://openalex.org/W2112577349","https://openalex.org/W2122743039","https://openalex.org/W2160294605","https://openalex.org/W2185838803","https://openalex.org/W2238840288","https://openalex.org/W2255055869","https://openalex.org/W2259370287","https://openalex.org/W2551672098","https://openalex.org/W2557829616","https://openalex.org/W2789689936","https://openalex.org/W2893673999","https://openalex.org/W2900911333","https://openalex.org/W2922515478","https://openalex.org/W2924584623","https://openalex.org/W3000412649","https://openalex.org/W3096973272","https://openalex.org/W3173706555","https://openalex.org/W3183040589","https://openalex.org/W3211834041","https://openalex.org/W4200506879","https://openalex.org/W4211074903","https://openalex.org/W4285215801","https://openalex.org/W4298088024","https://openalex.org/W4300860707","https://openalex.org/W4301393634","https://openalex.org/W4306804768","https://openalex.org/W4311677208","https://openalex.org/W4321165189","https://openalex.org/W4382998938","https://openalex.org/W4389461647","https://openalex.org/W4391886349","https://openalex.org/W4399096592","https://openalex.org/W4401225077","https://openalex.org/W6693324567"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1666086067","https://openalex.org/W4393393863","https://openalex.org/W4205701643","https://openalex.org/W2808213426","https://openalex.org/W2125580534","https://openalex.org/W2068774066","https://openalex.org/W1972601233","https://openalex.org/W2016759238","https://openalex.org/W1997069184","https://openalex.org/W2807711811"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"Powered":[1],"ankle":[2,12,45,54,105,113,181,205,212,238],"exoskeletons":[3],"with":[4,22,47,51,89,96,101,107,115,176,211,225,236],"biofeedback":[5,56,128,214],"systems":[6],"have":[7],"proven":[8],"effective":[9],"at":[10],"improving":[11],"plantar":[13,69],"flexor":[14,70],"muscle":[15,71,166,219],"recruitment":[16,72,167,220],"and":[17,30,73,79,118,137,146,154,170,194,221],"push-off":[18,74,182,218],"power":[19,55,75,184,213,222],"in":[20,165,223],"individuals":[21,95,224],"cerebral":[23],"palsy":[24],"(CP).":[25],"However,":[26],"their":[27],"clinical":[28,245],"translation":[29],"feasibility":[31],"for":[32,244],"at-home":[33],"training":[34,235],"remain":[35],"limited.":[36],"This":[37,228],"study":[38],"sought":[39],"to":[40,62,67,77,86,132,191,201],"design":[41],"an":[42],"unpowered":[43],"wearable":[44],"device":[46,114,206],"spring":[48,116,138,169,177,209],"resistance":[49,139,178,193,210,239],"combined":[50],"a":[52,103],"gamified":[53],"system.":[57,129],"Our":[58],"primary":[59],"goal":[60],"was":[61],"validate":[63],"the":[64,126,135],"device's":[65],"ability":[66],"increase":[68],"relative":[76],"baseline,":[78,133],"ensure":[80],"that":[81,241],"these":[82],"improvements":[83],"were":[84,173],"comparable":[85],"those":[87],"achieved":[88],"motorized":[90,108,136,171,192],"resistance.":[91],"METHODS:":[92],"Seven":[93],"ambulatory":[94],"CP":[97],"completed":[98],"walking":[99],"sessions":[100],"(1)":[102],"powered":[104],"exoskeleton":[106],"resistance,":[109,117],"(2)":[110],"our":[111],"novel":[112],"(3)":[119],"shoes":[120],"only":[121],"(baseline);":[122],"Both":[123],"devices":[124,172,240],"utilized":[125],"same":[127],"RESULTS:":[130],"Relative":[131],"both":[134],"increased":[140,179],"peak":[141],"(48%,":[142],"p":[143,149,157],"<":[144,150,158],"0.05)":[145,151,159],"mean":[147,155],"(43-45%,":[148],"soleus":[152],"activation":[153],"(37-39%,":[156],"medial":[160],"gastrocnemius":[161],"activation.":[162],"No":[163],"differences":[164],"between":[168],"observed.":[174],"Walking":[175],"average":[180],"positive":[183],"by":[185,195],"22%":[186],"(p":[187,197],"=":[188,198],"0.003)":[189],"compared":[190,200],"23%":[196],"0.013)":[199],"baseline.":[202],"CONCLUSION:":[203],"An":[204],"providing":[207],"targeted":[208],"can":[215],"effectively":[216],"improve":[217],"CP.":[226],"SIGNIFICANCE:":[227],"supports":[229],"future":[230],"research":[231],"studying":[232],"outcomes":[233],"following":[234],"spring-based":[237],"lower":[242],"barriers":[243],"translation.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
