{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402126592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2024.3452708","title":"Toward Objectification of Subjective Chronic Pain Based on Implicit Response in Biosignals","display_name":"Toward Objectification of Subjective Chronic Pain Based on Implicit Response in Biosignals","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402126592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2024.3452708","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39222459"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2024.3452708","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2024.3452708","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043990854","display_name":"Hyeon Seok Seok","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8144-2190"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111277659","display_name":"Chonnam National University","ror":"https://ror.org/05kzjxq56","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111277659"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyeon Seok Seok","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Republic of Korea","Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8144-2190","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111277659"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111277659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113484894","display_name":"Sang Su Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111277659","display_name":"Chonnam National University","ror":"https://ror.org/05kzjxq56","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111277659"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sang Su Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Republic of Korea","Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111277659"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111277659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101421821","display_name":"Do-Won Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4397-0774"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111277659","display_name":"Chonnam National University","ror":"https://ror.org/05kzjxq56","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111277659"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Do-Won Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea","Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4397-0774","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111277659"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111277659"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101785400","display_name":"Hang\u2010Sik Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3353-0310"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116631150","display_name":"Ulsan College","ror":"https://ror.org/02tec3785","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116631150"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801680663","display_name":"Asan Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03s5q0090","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801680663","https://openalex.org/I4210167194"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40542001","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hangsik Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Convergence Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Project, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3353-0310","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Convergence Medicine, Brain Korea 21 Project, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116631150","https://openalex.org/I2801680663","https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0507,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77553513,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"1","first_page":"337","last_page":"345"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.5727999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.5727999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10196","display_name":"Pain Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.22669999301433563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10084","display_name":"Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation","score":0.042500000447034836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/objectification","display_name":"Objectification","score":0.7874590158462524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-pain","display_name":"Chronic pain","score":0.45627066493034363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4439907371997833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.442550390958786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.3804873824119568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3464771807193756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2622373104095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.1241445243358612}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780090376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075072","display_name":"Objectification","level":2,"score":0.7874590158462524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781118164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1088113","display_name":"Chronic pain","level":2,"score":0.45627066493034363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4439907371997833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.442550390958786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.3804873824119568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3464771807193756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2622373104095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.1241445243358612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004562","descriptor_name":"Electrocardiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010147","descriptor_name":"Pain Measurement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010147","descriptor_name":"Pain Measurement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010147","descriptor_name":"Pain Measurement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010147","descriptor_name":"Pain Measurement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059350","descriptor_name":"Chronic Pain","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059350","descriptor_name":"Chronic Pain","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059350","descriptor_name":"Chronic Pain","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059350","descriptor_name":"Chronic Pain","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059350","descriptor_name":"Chronic Pain","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059350","descriptor_name":"Chronic Pain","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059350","descriptor_name":"Chronic Pain","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2024.3452708","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2024.3452708","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39222459","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39222459","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W158545021","https://openalex.org/W1529075430","https://openalex.org/W1557433409","https://openalex.org/W1764402547","https://openalex.org/W1858094378","https://openalex.org/W1862208204","https://openalex.org/W1957937187","https://openalex.org/W1964667258","https://openalex.org/W1965511761","https://openalex.org/W1965751013","https://openalex.org/W1980032920","https://openalex.org/W2000986272","https://openalex.org/W2010222850","https://openalex.org/W2016178396","https://openalex.org/W2017337590","https://openalex.org/W2033438673","https://openalex.org/W2042043101","https://openalex.org/W2042054965","https://openalex.org/W2042293679","https://openalex.org/W2046002943","https://openalex.org/W2049159374","https://openalex.org/W2053908484","https://openalex.org/W2067457834","https://openalex.org/W2072579585","https://openalex.org/W2097961333","https://openalex.org/W2102392703","https://openalex.org/W2113533227","https://openalex.org/W2120594654","https://openalex.org/W2124698022","https://openalex.org/W2138261897","https://openalex.org/W2156311072","https://openalex.org/W2162273778","https://openalex.org/W2164050012","https://openalex.org/W2165767834","https://openalex.org/W2285072859","https://openalex.org/W2286885776","https://openalex.org/W2331910443","https://openalex.org/W2411122968","https://openalex.org/W2613151061","https://openalex.org/W2801312492","https://openalex.org/W2810812888","https://openalex.org/W2830140112","https://openalex.org/W2888976212","https://openalex.org/W2891425629","https://openalex.org/W2908316397","https://openalex.org/W4324057927","https://openalex.org/W4389727201","https://openalex.org/W6603559301","https://openalex.org/W6636454242"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2805916208","https://openalex.org/W2168907878","https://openalex.org/W3046129381","https://openalex.org/W3118261080","https://openalex.org/W2968975098","https://openalex.org/W3037325388","https://openalex.org/W4387383464","https://openalex.org/W92966208"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"Chronic":[1],"pain":[2,23,57,94,100,133],"necessitates":[3],"early":[4],"intervention":[5],"and":[6,30,47,69,81,90,118],"accurate":[7],"evaluation.":[8],"Current":[9],"subjective":[10],"questionnaire":[11],"-based":[12],"methods":[13],"have":[14],"limitations.":[15],"This":[16,124],"study":[17],"aims":[18],"to":[19,31,104],"develop":[20],"a":[21,38,74],"chronic":[22,56,79,99,132],"assessment":[24,101],"method":[25],"based":[26],"on":[27],"multi-modal":[28,125],"biosignal":[29,126],"validate":[32],"its":[33],"feasibility.":[34],"METHODS:":[35],"We":[36],"present":[37],"model":[39,96],"utilizing":[40],"electroencephalogram":[41],"(EEG),":[42],"photoplethysmogram":[43],"(PPG),":[44],"electrocardiogram":[45],"(ECG),":[46],"facial":[48],"temperature":[49],"(FT)":[50],"data":[51],"from":[52,66],"59":[53],"subjects":[54],"(26":[55],"patients).":[58],"A":[59],"total":[60],"of":[61,71],"112":[62],"features":[63,107],"were":[64],"derived":[65],"all":[67],"signals,":[68],"17":[70],"them":[72],"showed":[73],"significant":[75],"difference":[76],"between":[77],"the":[78,82],"pains":[80],"normal":[83],"control.":[84],"RESULTS:":[85],"By":[86],"optimizing":[87],"signal":[88],"types":[89],"feature":[91],"combinations,":[92],"our":[93],"classification":[95],"significantly":[97],"enhanced":[98],"(AUROC:":[102],"0.802":[103],"0.864).":[105],"Notable":[106],"included":[108],"PPG":[109],"systolic":[110],"length":[111],"(12.3%),":[112],"EEG":[113],"alpha":[114],"band":[115,120],"power":[116,121],"(11.1%),":[117],"delta":[119],"(9.4%).":[122],"CONCLUSION:":[123],"approach":[127],"holds":[128],"promise":[129],"for":[130],"effective":[131],"quantification.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-09T07:27:16.801131","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
