{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401991124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2024.3451712","title":"Hybrid Control Policy for Artificial Pancreas via Ensemble Deep Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Hybrid Control Policy for Artificial Pancreas via Ensemble Deep Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401991124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2024.3451712","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39208051"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2024.3451712","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2024.3451712","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wenzhou Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3963-859X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143593769","display_name":"East China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vyrm377","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119674","display_name":"East China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/027385r44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenzhou Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, China","State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3963-859X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119674","https://openalex.org/I143593769"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058271339","display_name":"Tianyu Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8104-3382"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143593769","display_name":"East China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vyrm377","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119674","display_name":"East China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/027385r44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyu Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, China","State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119674","https://openalex.org/I143593769"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008797965","display_name":"Luolin Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0142-7933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143593769","display_name":"East China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vyrm377","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119674","display_name":"East China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/027385r44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119674"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luolin Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, China","State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0142-7933","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119674","https://openalex.org/I143593769"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034501136","display_name":"Liang Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3763-1274"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144482","display_name":"Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/049zrh188","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144482"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China","Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144482","https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jian Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1534-2279"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144482","display_name":"Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/049zrh188","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144482"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China","Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1534-2279","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144482","https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028570509","display_name":"Yang Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2750-8029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143593769","display_name":"East China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vyrm377","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2750-8029","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100603023","display_name":"Feng Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2781-332X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143593769","display_name":"East China University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vyrm377","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2781-332X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143593769","https://openalex.org/I4210119674"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0729,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92709104,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"1","first_page":"309","last_page":"323"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10839","display_name":"Pancreatic function and diabetes","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10401","display_name":"Diabetes Treatment and Management","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-pancreas","display_name":"Artificial pancreas","score":0.7295835614204407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7198863625526428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6105362176895142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5390948057174683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement","display_name":"Reinforcement","score":0.4263229966163635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4103124737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3253028392791748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.30345234274864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.1117100715637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.09691718220710754}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780353609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569064","display_name":"Artificial pancreas","level":4,"score":0.7295835614204407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7198863625526428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6105362176895142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5390948057174683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.4263229966163635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4103124737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3253028392791748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.30345234274864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1117100715637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.09691718220710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781232474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124407","display_name":"Type 1 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098408","descriptor_name":"Reinforcement Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098408","descriptor_name":"Reinforcement Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098408","descriptor_name":"Reinforcement Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001786","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001786","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001786","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001786","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001786","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003922","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003922","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003922","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003922","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003922","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003922","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003922","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003922","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003922","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003922","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003922","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007328","descriptor_name":"Insulin","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007328","descriptor_name":"Insulin","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007328","descriptor_name":"Insulin","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007328","descriptor_name":"Insulin","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007328","descriptor_name":"Insulin","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007328","descriptor_name":"Insulin","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007328","descriptor_name":"Insulin","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007328","descriptor_name":"Insulin","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007332","descriptor_name":"Insulin Infusion Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007332","descriptor_name":"Insulin Infusion Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019397","descriptor_name":"Pancreas, Artificial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019397","descriptor_name":"Pancreas, Artificial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019397","descriptor_name":"Pancreas, Artificial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019397","descriptor_name":"Pancreas, Artificial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019397","descriptor_name":"Pancreas, Artificial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2024.3451712","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2024.3451712","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39208051","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39208051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.6299999952316284}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G158014015","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B17017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","funder_display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3001630108","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62373153","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3545694276","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62293500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5333276369","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"222202417006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6511873551","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62136003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966362654","https://openalex.org/W1968405174","https://openalex.org/W1990005421","https://openalex.org/W2001273251","https://openalex.org/W2004173465","https://openalex.org/W2042045847","https://openalex.org/W2054915896","https://openalex.org/W2067961213","https://openalex.org/W2069516939","https://openalex.org/W2078358361","https://openalex.org/W2102340435","https://openalex.org/W2125199656","https://openalex.org/W2129995532","https://openalex.org/W2167160009","https://openalex.org/W2167830353","https://openalex.org/W2168091777","https://openalex.org/W2253443099","https://openalex.org/W2410376912","https://openalex.org/W2419628072","https://openalex.org/W2572287943","https://openalex.org/W2608597522","https://openalex.org/W2609544495","https://openalex.org/W2736029153","https://openalex.org/W2772982727","https://openalex.org/W2789661385","https://openalex.org/W2906596531","https://openalex.org/W2907400679","https://openalex.org/W2909658141","https://openalex.org/W2910274134","https://openalex.org/W2922599863","https://openalex.org/W2948261890","https://openalex.org/W2950218667","https://openalex.org/W2978488577","https://openalex.org/W3026443214","https://openalex.org/W3034950318","https://openalex.org/W3129309094","https://openalex.org/W3180217530","https://openalex.org/W3202067448","https://openalex.org/W4294783598","https://openalex.org/W4295450371","https://openalex.org/W4300961732","https://openalex.org/W4319436443","https://openalex.org/W4360930683","https://openalex.org/W4387866408","https://openalex.org/W4389942708","https://openalex.org/W4391259941","https://openalex.org/W4392516903","https://openalex.org/W6637967152","https://openalex.org/W6686627556","https://openalex.org/W6747473740","https://openalex.org/W6764245040","https://openalex.org/W6768602481","https://openalex.org/W6780571964","https://openalex.org/W6783106408"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2920061524","https://openalex.org/W4310083477","https://openalex.org/W2328553770","https://openalex.org/W4392771688","https://openalex.org/W1977959518","https://openalex.org/W2038908348","https://openalex.org/W2107890255","https://openalex.org/W3045686306","https://openalex.org/W2106552856","https://openalex.org/W2738991502"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"The":[1,190,208],"artificial":[2,93],"pancreas":[3,94],"(AP)":[4],"shows":[5],"promise":[6],"for":[7,22,91,119,199,214,221],"closed-loop":[8,200,223],"glucose":[9,37,201,224],"control":[10,20,42,89,212],"in":[11,130,179,203],"type":[12],"1":[13],"diabetes":[14],"mellitus":[15],"(T1DM).":[16],"However,":[17],"designing":[18],"effective":[19],"policies":[21,116,213],"the":[23,49,92,98,112,163,173,180,184,194],"AP":[24,128,215],"remains":[25],"challenging":[26],"due":[27],"to":[28,96,146,150],"complex":[29],"physiological":[30],"processes,":[31],"delayed":[32],"insulin":[33],"response,":[34],"and":[35,46,52,58,72,80,143,183],"inaccurate":[36],"measurements.":[38],"While":[39],"model":[40,51],"predictive":[41],"(MPC)":[43],"offers":[44],"safety":[45,53],"stability":[47],"through":[48],"dynamic":[50],"constraints,":[54],"it":[55],"lacks":[56],"individualization":[57],"is":[59],"adversely":[60],"affected":[61],"by":[62],"unannounced":[63],"meals.":[64],"Conversely,":[65],"deep":[66],"reinforcement":[67],"learning":[68],"(DRL)":[69],"provides":[70],"personalized":[71],"adaptive":[73],"strategies":[74],"but":[75],"struggles":[76],"with":[77,106,153,205],"distribution":[78],"shifts":[79],"substantial":[81],"data":[82],"requirements.":[83],"METHODS:":[84],"We":[85,158],"propose":[86],"a":[87],"hybrid":[88],"policy":[90,105],"(HyCPAP)":[95],"address":[97],"above":[99],"challenges.":[100],"HyCPAP":[101],"combines":[102],"an":[103,107],"MPC":[104],"ensemble":[108],"DRL":[109],"policy,":[110],"leveraging":[111,140],"strengths":[113],"of":[114,127,176,187,196],"both":[115],"while":[117],"compensating":[118],"their":[120,218],"respective":[121],"limitations.":[122],"To":[123],"facilitate":[124],"faster":[125],"deployment":[126],"systems":[129],"real-world":[131],"settings,":[132],"we":[133],"further":[134],"incorporate":[135],"meta-learning":[136],"techniques":[137],"into":[138],"HyCPAP,":[139],"previous":[141],"experience":[142],"patient-shared":[144],"knowledge":[145],"enable":[147],"fast":[148],"adaptation":[149],"new":[151],"patients":[152],"limited":[154],"available":[155],"data.":[156],"RESULTS:":[157],"conduct":[159],"extensive":[160],"experiments":[161],"using":[162],"UVA/Padova":[164],"T1DM":[165],"simulator":[166],"across":[167],"five":[168],"scenarios.":[169],"Our":[170],"approaches":[171],"achieve":[172],"highest":[174],"percentage":[175],"time":[177],"spent":[178],"desired":[181],"range":[182],"lowest":[185],"occurrences":[186],"hypoglycemia.":[188],"CONCLUSION:":[189],"results":[191],"clearly":[192],"demonstrate":[193],"superiority":[195],"our":[197],"methods":[198],"management":[202],"individuals":[204],"T1DM.":[206],"SIGNIFICANCE:":[207],"study":[209],"presents":[210],"novel":[211],"systems,":[216],"affirming":[217],"great":[219],"potential":[220],"efficient":[222],"control.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-02T09:04:35.204637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}