{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399528023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2024.3412814","title":"Characterization of Induced Current Density During Transcorneal Electrical Stimulation to Promote Neuroprotection in the Degenerating Retina","display_name":"Characterization of Induced Current Density During Transcorneal Electrical Stimulation to Promote Neuroprotection in the Degenerating Retina","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399528023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2024.3412814","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38861449"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2024.3412814","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2024.3412814","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11511633/pdf/nihms-2016083.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001991948","display_name":"Ege Iseri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7440-7258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ege Iseri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Institute for Technology and Medical Systems, University of Southern California, USA","Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Institute for Technology and Medical Systems at the University of Southern California, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7440-7258","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Institute for Technology and Medical Systems, University of Southern California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering and the Institute for Technology and Medical Systems at the University of Southern California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021303978","display_name":"Pragya Kosta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2141-8700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133647","display_name":"Southern California Institute for Research and Education","ror":"https://ror.org/0431mgz06","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133647"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pragya Kosta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Technology and Medical Systems, University of Southern California, USA","Institute for Technology and Medical Systems at the University of Southern California, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2141-8700","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Technology and Medical Systems, University of Southern California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133647"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Technology and Medical Systems at the University of Southern California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044016452","display_name":"Dimitrios Pollalis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9636-1967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099443","display_name":"Southern California Eye Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012mmb732","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099443"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitrios Pollalis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, USA","Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology at the University of Southern California, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9636-1967","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099443"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology at the University of Southern California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I4210099443"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014375415","display_name":"Pei-An Lo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099443","display_name":"Southern California Eye Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012mmb732","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099443"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pei-An Lo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, USA","Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology at the University of Southern California, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0537-6926","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099443"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology at the University of Southern California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I4210099443"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020601518","display_name":"Ben Yi Tew","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6397-7512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Yi Tew","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA","Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002462952","display_name":"Stan G. Louie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5941-6690"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stan Louie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics and Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California, USA","Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics and Department of Clinical Pharmacy the University of Southern California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics and Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics and Department of Clinical Pharmacy the University of Southern California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076385474","display_name":"Bodour Salhia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3843-3621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bodour Salhia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA","Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052140640","display_name":"Mark S. Humayun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5830-5208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099443","display_name":"Southern California Eye Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012mmb732","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099443"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Humayun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, USA","Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology at the University of Southern California, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5830-5208","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099443"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology at the University of Southern California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I4210099443"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044898858","display_name":"Gianluca Lazzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6365-7283"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096972","display_name":"Los Angeles Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00spys463","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343052199","https://openalex.org/I4210096972"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gianluca Lazzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Technology and Medical Systems, the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","G. Lazzi is with the Institute for Technology and Medical Systems, the Department of Ophthalmology, and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6365-7283","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Technology and Medical Systems, the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096972"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"G. Lazzi is with the Institute for Technology and Medical Systems, the Department of Ophthalmology, and the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5668,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60752688,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"11","first_page":"3221","last_page":"3231"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.8253999948501587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.8253999948501587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12789","display_name":"Planarian Biology and Electrostimulation","score":0.1648000031709671,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10919","display_name":"Neurological disorders and treatments","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroprotection","display_name":"Neuroprotection","score":0.8388113975524902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulation","display_name":"Stimulation","score":0.7350624203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retina","display_name":"Retina","score":0.6517674922943115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.5383942723274231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current","display_name":"Current (fluid)","score":0.4133663773536682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.3423239588737488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.2146001160144806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1880570352077484}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25498285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981368","display_name":"Neuroprotection","level":2,"score":0.8388113975524902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.7350624203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169342","display_name":"Retina","level":2,"score":0.6517674922943115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.5383942723274231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.4133663773536682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3423239588737488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2146001160144806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1880570352077484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000066829","descriptor_name":"Neuroprotection","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000066829","descriptor_name":"Neuroprotection","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000066829","descriptor_name":"Neuroprotection","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000066829","descriptor_name":"Neuroprotection","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000066829","descriptor_name":"Neuroprotection","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000066829","descriptor_name":"Neuroprotection","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000066829","descriptor_name":"Neuroprotection","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000066829","descriptor_name":"Neuroprotection","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003315","descriptor_name":"Cornea","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003315","descriptor_name":"Cornea","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003315","descriptor_name":"Cornea","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003315","descriptor_name":"Cornea","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003315","descriptor_name":"Cornea","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003315","descriptor_name":"Cornea","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003315","descriptor_name":"Cornea","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003315","descriptor_name":"Cornea","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004599","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation Therapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004599","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation Therapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004599","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation Therapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004599","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation Therapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004599","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation Therapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004599","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation Therapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004599","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation Therapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004599","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation Therapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000528","qualifier_name":"radiation effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000528","qualifier_name":"radiation effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000528","qualifier_name":"radiation effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000528","qualifier_name":"radiation effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000528","qualifier_name":"radiation effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000528","qualifier_name":"radiation effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000528","qualifier_name":"radiation effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000528","qualifier_name":"radiation effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012162","descriptor_name":"Retinal Degeneration","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012162","descriptor_name":"Retinal Degeneration","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012162","descriptor_name":"Retinal Degeneration","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012162","descriptor_name":"Retinal Degeneration","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012162","descriptor_name":"Retinal Degeneration","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012162","descriptor_name":"Retinal Degeneration","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012162","descriptor_name":"Retinal Degeneration","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012162","descriptor_name":"Retinal Degeneration","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012162","descriptor_name":"Retinal Degeneration","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012162","descriptor_name":"Retinal Degeneration","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012162","descriptor_name":"Retinal Degeneration","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012162","descriptor_name":"Retinal Degeneration","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012162","descriptor_name":"Retinal Degeneration","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012162","descriptor_name":"Retinal Degeneration","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012162","descriptor_name":"Retinal Degeneration","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012162","descriptor_name":"Retinal Degeneration","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013552","descriptor_name":"Swine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013552","descriptor_name":"Swine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013552","descriptor_name":"Swine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013552","descriptor_name":"Swine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013552","descriptor_name":"Swine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013552","descriptor_name":"Swine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013552","descriptor_name":"Swine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013552","descriptor_name":"Swine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2024.3412814","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2024.3412814","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38861449","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38861449","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11511633","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11511633","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11511633/pdf/nihms-2016083.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11511633","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11511633","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11511633/pdf/nihms-2016083.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1659653099","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01 EB025830","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337363","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2194048367","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P30EY029220","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3960863865","display_name":"GCR: Reprogramming Biological Neural Networks with Field-Based Engineered Systems","funder_award_id":"2121164","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7195084835","display_name":"EFRI CEE: Engineered Retinal Epigenomics","funder_award_id":"1933394","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8968385146","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01 GM104604","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306811","display_name":"Research to Prevent Blindness","ror":"https://ror.org/04drjs621"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314525","display_name":"Retina Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05n2ytn05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","display_name":"National Eye Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkg3b53"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04q48ey07"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337363","display_name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00372qc85"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399528023.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W632023","https://openalex.org/W1912719270","https://openalex.org/W1998962655","https://openalex.org/W2008025759","https://openalex.org/W2017515548","https://openalex.org/W2018660789","https://openalex.org/W2039454099","https://openalex.org/W2042728692","https://openalex.org/W2053780851","https://openalex.org/W2061743336","https://openalex.org/W2069472142","https://openalex.org/W2093154699","https://openalex.org/W2110180269","https://openalex.org/W2153787766","https://openalex.org/W2206819156","https://openalex.org/W2216312253","https://openalex.org/W2294073529","https://openalex.org/W2333601102","https://openalex.org/W2412198820","https://openalex.org/W2507941497","https://openalex.org/W2508248319","https://openalex.org/W2521454951","https://openalex.org/W2766741875","https://openalex.org/W2771294159","https://openalex.org/W2771469080","https://openalex.org/W2795836363","https://openalex.org/W2800396191","https://openalex.org/W2893970452","https://openalex.org/W2905827260","https://openalex.org/W2909517085","https://openalex.org/W2921656801","https://openalex.org/W2967336798","https://openalex.org/W2983100527","https://openalex.org/W2991220631","https://openalex.org/W3010476485","https://openalex.org/W3012642433","https://openalex.org/W3015190335","https://openalex.org/W3047407661","https://openalex.org/W3111331330","https://openalex.org/W3119443349","https://openalex.org/W3135507508","https://openalex.org/W3188379877","https://openalex.org/W3201384103","https://openalex.org/W4210606387","https://openalex.org/W4210827532","https://openalex.org/W4248973928","https://openalex.org/W4294124184","https://openalex.org/W4321446137","https://openalex.org/W4322772656","https://openalex.org/W4386986051","https://openalex.org/W6798318746"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2077655479","https://openalex.org/W2095198015","https://openalex.org/W2995727304","https://openalex.org/W1517805603","https://openalex.org/W123747276","https://openalex.org/W1593223226","https://openalex.org/W1988725105","https://openalex.org/W2034773528","https://openalex.org/W4295886409","https://openalex.org/W2011757937"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"Transcorneal":[1],"electrical":[2],"stimulation":[3,130,182,222],"(TES)":[4],"is":[5,28,158,187,248],"a":[6,74,78,144,181],"promising":[7],"approach":[8,199],"to":[9,43,64,83,112,142,167,216],"delay":[10],"retinal":[11],"degeneration":[12],"by":[13],"inducing":[14],"extracellular":[15],"electric":[16,25,57],"field-driven":[17],"neuroprotective":[18,164],"effects":[19,165],"within":[20,59],"photoreceptors.":[21],"Although":[22],"achieving":[23,190],"precise":[24],"field":[26],"control":[27],"feasible":[29],"in":[30,40,46,94,99,125,140,154,201,240],"vitro,":[31],"characterizing":[32],"these":[33],"fields":[34,58],"becomes":[35],"intricate":[36],"and":[37,55,90,209,221,231],"largely":[38],"unexplored":[39],"vivo":[41,100],"due":[42],"uneven":[44],"distribution":[45],"the":[47,60,66,88,95,114,117,126,155,159,191,218,229],"heterogeneous":[48],"body.":[49],"In":[50],"this":[51,202],"paper,":[52],"we":[53],"investigate":[54],"characterize":[56],"retina":[61,118],"during":[62,138],"TES":[63,139],"assess":[65],"potential":[67],"for":[68,162,189,213],"therapeutic":[69],"approaches":[70],"Methods:":[71],"We":[72],"developed":[73],"computational":[75,197,236],"model":[76],"of":[77,87,106,132,147,184,224,235],"rat's":[79],"head,":[80],"enabling":[81],"us":[82],"generate":[84],"predictive":[85,214],"simulations":[86,215],"voltage":[89,115],"current":[91,145,193],"density":[92,146],"induced":[93],"retina.":[96],"Subsequently,":[97],"an":[98],"experimental":[101,207],"setup":[102],"involving":[103],"Royal":[104],"College":[105],"Surgeon":[107],"(RCS)":[108],"rats":[109,141],"was":[110,204],"implemented":[111],"measure":[113],"across":[116],"using":[119],"identical":[120],"electrode":[121,219],"configurations":[122],"as":[123],"employed":[124],"simulations.":[127],"RESULTS:":[128],"A":[129],"amplitude":[131,183],"0.2-0.3":[133],"mA":[134,186],"may":[135],"be":[136,211],"necessary":[137,188],"induce":[143],"at":[148],"least":[149],"20":[150],"A/[Formula:":[151],"see":[152],"text]":[153],"retina,":[156],"which":[157],"lower":[160],"limit":[161],"triggering":[163],"according":[166],"culture":[168],"studies":[169,242],"on":[170,245],"neural":[171],"cells.":[172],"Measurement":[173],"taken":[174],"from":[175],"cadaveric":[176],"pigs'":[177],"eyes":[178],"revealed":[179],"that":[180],"1":[185],"same":[192],"density.":[194],"CONCLUSION:":[195],"The":[196],"modeling":[198],"presented":[200],"study":[203],"validated":[205],"with":[206],"data":[208],"can":[210],"leveraged":[212],"optimize":[217],"design":[220],"parameters":[223],"TES.":[225],"SIGNIFICANCE:":[226],"Once":[227],"validated,":[228],"flexibility":[230],"low":[232],"research":[233],"cost":[234],"models":[237],"are":[238],"valuable":[239],"optimization":[241],"where":[243],"testing":[244],"live":[246],"subjects":[247],"not":[249],"feasible.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
