{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382999302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2023.3291538","title":"Physiological Noise: Definition, Estimation, and Characterization in Complex Biomedical Signals","display_name":"Physiological Noise: Definition, Estimation, and Characterization in Complex Biomedical Signals","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382999302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2023.3291538","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37399153"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2023.3291538","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2023.3291538","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/10/4359967/10171433.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/10/4359967/10171433.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045184957","display_name":"Andrea Scarciglia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3675-6160"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1300504238","display_name":"Piaggio (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/00r254y42","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1300504238"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Scarciglia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","Bioengineering and Robotics Research Center E.Piaggio, School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3675-6160","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bioengineering and Robotics Research Center E.Piaggio, School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1300504238","https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013014934","display_name":"Vincenzo Catrambone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9030-7601"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1300504238","display_name":"Piaggio (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/00r254y42","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1300504238"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincenzo Catrambone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Italy","Bioengineering and Robotics Research Center E.Piaggio, School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9030-7601","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bioengineering and Robotics Research Center E.Piaggio, School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1300504238","https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014915366","display_name":"Claudio Bonanno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6204-7678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudio Bonanno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6204-7678","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041459422","display_name":"Gaetano Valenza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6574-1879"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1300504238","display_name":"Piaggio (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/00r254y42","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1300504238"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaetano Valenza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Italy","Bioengineering and Robotics Research Center E.Piaggio, School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6574-1879","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bioengineering and Robotics Research Center E.Piaggio, School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1300504238","https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8466,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9611366,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"1","first_page":"45","last_page":"55"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.29829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.29829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.08900000154972076,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13248","display_name":"Healthcare Technology and Patient Monitoring","score":0.07829999923706055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.7292662262916565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.5392109155654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5226742625236511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoregressive-model","display_name":"Autoregressive model","score":0.5147628784179688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamical-systems-theory","display_name":"Dynamical systems theory","score":0.467939555644989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.4609864354133606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-power","display_name":"Noise power","score":0.4595784842967987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heartbeat","display_name":"Heartbeat","score":0.43075665831565857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication-noise","display_name":"Communication noise","score":0.4211421310901642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4078713357448578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.36377227306365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32875943183898926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.22052863240242004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.22047385573387146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.1644619107246399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1577892303466797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.14381501078605652}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.7292662262916565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.5392109155654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5226742625236511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159877910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2202883","display_name":"Autoregressive model","level":2,"score":0.5147628784179688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79379906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3174497","display_name":"Dynamical systems theory","level":2,"score":0.467939555644989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.4609864354133606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203234222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2133519","display_name":"Noise power","level":3,"score":0.4595784842967987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13852961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17021880","display_name":"Heartbeat","level":2,"score":0.43075665831565857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16210155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5154140","display_name":"Communication noise","level":2,"score":0.4211421310901642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4078713357448578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.36377227306365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32875943183898926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.22052863240242004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.22047385573387146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.1644619107246399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1577892303466797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.14381501078605652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017711","descriptor_name":"Nonlinear Dynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017711","descriptor_name":"Nonlinear Dynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017711","descriptor_name":"Nonlinear Dynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017711","descriptor_name":"Nonlinear Dynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019277","descriptor_name":"Entropy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019277","descriptor_name":"Entropy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019277","descriptor_name":"Entropy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019277","descriptor_name":"Entropy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2023.3291538","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2023.3291538","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/10/4359967/10171433.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37399153","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37399153","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arpi.unipi.it:11568/1203168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10171433","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196265","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","host_organization_name":"University of Pisa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2023.3291538","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2023.3291538","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/10/4359967/10171433.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5819133359","display_name":"The \u201cExtended-Personal Reality\u201d: augmented recording and transmission of virtual senses through artificial-IntelligENCE","funder_award_id":"101017727","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317295","display_name":"Dipartimenti di Eccellenza","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321873","display_name":"Ministero dell\u2019Istruzione, dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","ror":"https://ror.org/0166hxq48"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382999302.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4382999302.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1928151192","https://openalex.org/W1956636948","https://openalex.org/W1961056875","https://openalex.org/W1973838477","https://openalex.org/W1978416735","https://openalex.org/W1981906309","https://openalex.org/W2001029760","https://openalex.org/W2001540981","https://openalex.org/W2011028260","https://openalex.org/W2014377463","https://openalex.org/W2031806779","https://openalex.org/W2035019768","https://openalex.org/W2035482871","https://openalex.org/W2059851411","https://openalex.org/W2065566139","https://openalex.org/W2077204677","https://openalex.org/W2077681639","https://openalex.org/W2082384771","https://openalex.org/W2104733199","https://openalex.org/W2116062810","https://openalex.org/W2121044470","https://openalex.org/W2131215403","https://openalex.org/W2141969391","https://openalex.org/W2147336335","https://openalex.org/W2154271175","https://openalex.org/W2156307673","https://openalex.org/W2162273778","https://openalex.org/W2162800060","https://openalex.org/W2164249944","https://openalex.org/W2234420399","https://openalex.org/W2513140308","https://openalex.org/W2567028240","https://openalex.org/W2590023122","https://openalex.org/W2910134385","https://openalex.org/W2917322507","https://openalex.org/W2937109881","https://openalex.org/W2943474034","https://openalex.org/W2953883802","https://openalex.org/W3012088083","https://openalex.org/W3018290316","https://openalex.org/W3201506798","https://openalex.org/W3213580450","https://openalex.org/W4323914089"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385543909","https://openalex.org/W3039320222","https://openalex.org/W3199640442","https://openalex.org/W1898280036","https://openalex.org/W2315807364","https://openalex.org/W2382278803","https://openalex.org/W2803040299","https://openalex.org/W2744534956","https://openalex.org/W1964196299","https://openalex.org/W4285194800"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Nonlinear":[1],"physiological":[2,28,54,91],"systems":[3,113],"exhibit":[4],"complex":[5],"dynamics":[6,226],"driven":[7],"by":[8],"intrinsic":[9],"dynamical":[10,49],"noise.":[11,37],"In":[12],"cases":[13],"where":[14],"there":[15],"is":[16,31,119,213,222],"no":[17],"specific":[18,61],"knowledge":[19,62,155],"or":[20],"assumption":[21],"about":[22],"system":[23,65,158],"dynamics,":[24,195],"such":[25],"as":[26,53,74],"in":[27,56,171,189,235],"systems,":[29],"it":[30],"not":[32],"possible":[33],"to":[34,44,52,177,183,193],"formally":[35],"estimate":[36,45],"AIM:":[38],"We":[39,101],"introduce":[40],"a":[41,57,75,85,97],"formal":[42],"method":[43,146],"the":[46,64,143,157,167,180,206,232],"power":[47,169,181],"of":[48,63,77,156,166,179],"noise,":[50,55],"referred":[51],"closed":[58],"form,":[59],"without":[60,152],"dynamics.":[66,159,185],"METHODOLOGY:":[67],"Assuming":[68],"that":[69,90,107,142],"noise":[70,92,103,150,161,187,199,212,221],"can":[71,93,147,228],"be":[72,94,229],"modeled":[73],"sequence":[76],"independent,":[78],"identically":[79],"distributed":[80,215],"(IID)":[81],"random":[82],"variables":[83],"on":[84,121],"probability":[86],"space,":[87],"we":[88],"demonstrate":[89],"estimated":[95,102],"through":[96],"nonlinear":[98],"entropy":[99],"profile.":[100],"from":[104,127],"synthetic":[105],"maps":[106],"included":[108],"autoregressive,":[109],"logistic,":[110],"and":[111,129,132,174,196,208,227],"Pomeau-Manneville":[112],"under":[114],"various":[115],"conditions.":[116],"Noise":[117],"estimation":[118],"performed":[120],"70":[122],"heart":[123],"rate":[124],"variability":[125],"series":[126],"healthy":[128,136,194],"pathological":[130,190],"subjects,":[131],"32":[133],"electroencephalographic":[134],"(EEG)":[135],"series.":[137,238],"RESULTS:":[138],"Our":[139],"results":[140],"showed":[141],"proposed":[144,233],"model-free":[145],"discern":[148],"different":[149],"levels":[151],"any":[153,236],"prior":[154],"Physiological":[160,220],"accounts":[162],"for":[163],"around":[164],"11%":[165],"overall":[168],"observed":[170],"EEG":[172],"signals":[173],"approximately":[175],"32%":[176],"65%":[178],"related":[182],"heartbeat":[184],"Cardiovascular":[186],"increases":[188,200],"conditions":[191],"compared":[192],"cortical":[197,217],"brain":[198],"during":[201],"mental":[202],"arithmetic":[203],"computations":[204],"over":[205],"prefrontal":[207],"occipital":[209],"regions.":[210,218],"Brain":[211],"differently":[214],"across":[216],"CONCLUSION:":[219],"very":[223],"part":[224],"neurobiological":[225],"measured":[230],"using":[231],"framework":[234],"biomedical":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-03T08:13:44.112507","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
