{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4323530202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2023.3253674","title":"Identifiability Analysis and Noninvasive Online Estimation of the First-Order Neural Activation Dynamics in the Brain With Closed-Loop Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation","display_name":"Identifiability Analysis and Noninvasive Online Estimation of the First-Order Neural Activation Dynamics in the Brain With Closed-Loop Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4323530202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2023.3253674","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37656637"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2023.3253674","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2023.3253674","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050771139","display_name":"Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Alavi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8879-4084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Alavi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Non-Invasive Neurostimulation Therapies (NINET) Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8879-4084","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Non-Invasive Neurostimulation Therapies (NINET) Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055914149","display_name":"Adam Mahdi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2329-4457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Mahdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Surrey Institute for People-centred Artificial Intelligence, University of Surrey, U.K","Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Surrey Institute for People-centred Artificial Intelligence, University of Surrey, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048377473","display_name":"Fidel Vila\u2010Rodriguez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8273-8820"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fidel Vila-Rodriguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Non-Invasive Neurostimulation Therapies (NINET) Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8273-8820","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Non-Invasive Neurostimulation Therapies (NINET) Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033945885","display_name":"Stefan M. Goetz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1944-0714"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan M Goetz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1944-0714","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7981,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71515182,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"9","first_page":"2564","last_page":"2572"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":0.9320999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":0.9320999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.01080000028014183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.010099999606609344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcranial-magnetic-stimulation","display_name":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation","score":0.7294554114341736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identifiability","display_name":"Identifiability","score":0.5645245313644409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.488519549369812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closed-loop","display_name":"Closed loop","score":0.4606632590293884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40963035821914673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3300444483757019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.2338276505470276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulation","display_name":"Stimulation","score":0.22203606367111206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.13110080361366272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.12464761734008789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09183084964752197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778581513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263962","display_name":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation","level":3,"score":0.7294554114341736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122770356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1656753","display_name":"Identifiability","level":2,"score":0.5645245313644409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.488519549369812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019251811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5135346","display_name":"Closed loop","level":2,"score":0.4606632590293884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40963035821914673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3300444483757019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.2338276505470276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.22203606367111206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.13110080361366272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.12464761734008789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09183084964752197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003510","descriptor_name":"Cyclohexanes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003510","descriptor_name":"Cyclohexanes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003510","descriptor_name":"Cyclohexanes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003510","descriptor_name":"Cyclohexanes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003510","descriptor_name":"Cyclohexanes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003510","descriptor_name":"Cyclohexanes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008698","descriptor_name":"Mesylates","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008698","descriptor_name":"Mesylates","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008698","descriptor_name":"Mesylates","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008698","descriptor_name":"Mesylates","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008698","descriptor_name":"Mesylates","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008698","descriptor_name":"Mesylates","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D050781","descriptor_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D050781","descriptor_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D050781","descriptor_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D050781","descriptor_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D050781","descriptor_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D050781","descriptor_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2023.3253674","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2023.3253674","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37656637","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37656637","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W887793799","https://openalex.org/W1788769286","https://openalex.org/W1964171463","https://openalex.org/W1987419062","https://openalex.org/W1994450293","https://openalex.org/W2001179031","https://openalex.org/W2007810597","https://openalex.org/W2014493574","https://openalex.org/W2031168756","https://openalex.org/W2039876293","https://openalex.org/W2061766732","https://openalex.org/W2091992705","https://openalex.org/W2097311789","https://openalex.org/W2100328732","https://openalex.org/W2103829559","https://openalex.org/W2106100751","https://openalex.org/W2122183662","https://openalex.org/W2127457454","https://openalex.org/W2127906977","https://openalex.org/W2143526108","https://openalex.org/W2145055084","https://openalex.org/W2146712952","https://openalex.org/W2152291904","https://openalex.org/W2157787134","https://openalex.org/W2169955196","https://openalex.org/W2183760535","https://openalex.org/W2394972785","https://openalex.org/W2410290145","https://openalex.org/W2411444005","https://openalex.org/W2412863341","https://openalex.org/W2528794430","https://openalex.org/W2581945749","https://openalex.org/W2609116476","https://openalex.org/W2763859001","https://openalex.org/W2770123655","https://openalex.org/W2782036061","https://openalex.org/W2899016016","https://openalex.org/W2942634767","https://openalex.org/W2945043729","https://openalex.org/W2951690594","https://openalex.org/W2953106667","https://openalex.org/W2955599847","https://openalex.org/W2977868626","https://openalex.org/W3133202221","https://openalex.org/W3216099195","https://openalex.org/W3216586569","https://openalex.org/W4220652476","https://openalex.org/W4280629063","https://openalex.org/W4283748286","https://openalex.org/W4283808660","https://openalex.org/W4294543768","https://openalex.org/W4307407371","https://openalex.org/W4313319102","https://openalex.org/W6715385910","https://openalex.org/W6791017950"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2724847603","https://openalex.org/W2034041141","https://openalex.org/W2184661725","https://openalex.org/W2900187352","https://openalex.org/W2073660146","https://openalex.org/W2033914206","https://openalex.org/W2042327336","https://openalex.org/W2729942106","https://openalex.org/W2114024218","https://openalex.org/W2646718537"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Neurons":[1],"demonstrate":[2],"very":[3],"distinct":[4],"nonlinear":[5],"activation":[6,25,53,104,123,304],"dynamics,":[7],"influenced":[8],"by":[9,157],"the":[10,24,29,52,75,80,85,89,102,120,154,165,171,178,182,206,210,246,274,291,303,334],"neuron":[11],"type,":[12],"morphology,":[13],"ion":[14],"channel":[15],"expression,":[16],"and":[17,34,73,77,84,106,125,168,214,225,250,254,263,344],"various":[18],"other":[19],"factors.":[20],"The":[21,60,185,199,243,266,329],"measurement":[22],"of":[23,32,51,88,101,115,119,201,209,223,231,259,302],"dynamics":[26,54,105,124,305],"can":[27,338],"identify":[28],"neural":[30,91,122],"target":[31],"stimulation":[33,58],"detect":[35],"deviations,":[36],"e.g.,":[37],"for":[38,45,98,236],"diagnosis.":[39],"This":[40],"paper":[41],"describes":[42],"a":[43,96,146,189,193,319],"tool":[44],"closed-loop":[46,110],"sequential":[47,190],"parameter":[48],"estimation":[49,208,270],"(SPE)":[50],"through":[55,290],"transcranial":[56],"magnetic":[57],"(TMS).":[59],"proposed":[61,292,330],"SPE":[62,100,148,295,301,331],"method":[63,97,149,244,271,296,332],"operates":[64],"in":[65,164,181,188,297,342],"real":[66],"time,":[67],"selects":[68],"ideal":[69],"stimulus":[70],"parameters,":[71],"detects":[72],"processes":[74],"response,":[76],"concurrently":[78],"estimates":[79,153,170,245],"input-output":[81],"(IO)":[82],"curve":[83,108,127,156,239,277],"first-order":[86,103,121],"approximation":[87],"activated":[90],"target.":[92],"OBJECTIVE:":[93],"To":[94],"develop":[95],"concurrent":[99],"IO":[107,126,135,155,238,247,311],"with":[109,141,217,228,256,313,324],"TMS.":[111],"METHOD:":[112],"First,":[113],"identifiability":[114],"an":[116,229],"integrated":[117],"model":[118],"is":[128,150,196,283],"assessed,":[129],"demonstrating":[130],"that":[131],"at":[132,308],"least":[133,309],"two":[134,310],"curves":[136,312],"need":[137],"to":[138,279],"be":[139],"acquired":[140],"different":[142,314],"pulse":[143,241,315,326],"widths.":[144],"Then,":[145],"two-stage":[147],"proposed.":[151],"It":[152],"using":[158],"Fisher":[159],"information":[160],"matrix":[161],"(FIM)":[162],"optimization":[163],"first":[166],"stage":[167],"subsequently":[169],"membrane":[172,211],"time":[173,212,268],"constant":[174,213,269],"as":[175,177],"well":[176],"coupling":[179,215],"gain":[180,216],"second":[183],"stage.":[184],"procedure":[186],"continues":[187],"manner":[191],"until":[192],"stopping":[194],"rule":[195],"satisfied.":[197],"RESULTS:":[198],"results":[200],"73":[202],"simulation":[203],"cases":[204],"confirm":[205],"satisfactory":[207],"average":[218,230,257],"absolute":[219],"relative":[220],"errors":[221],"(AREs)":[222],"6.2%":[224,287],"5.3%,":[226],"respectively,":[227],"344":[232],"pulses":[233,235],"(172":[234],"each":[237],"or":[240],"width).":[242],"curves'":[248],"lower":[249],"upper":[251],"plateaus,":[252],"mid-point,":[253],"slope":[255],"AREs":[258],"0.2%,":[260],"0.7%,":[261],"0.9%,":[262],"14.5%,":[264],"respectively.":[265],"conventional":[267],"based":[272],"on":[273],"strength-duration":[275],"(S-D)":[276],"leads":[278],"33.3%":[280],"ARE,":[281],"which":[282,317,337],"27.0%":[284],"larger":[285],"than":[286],"ARE":[288],"obtained":[289],"real-time":[293],"FIM-based":[294],"this":[298],"paper.":[299],"CONCLUSIONS:":[300],"requires":[306],"acquiring":[307],"widths,":[316],"needs":[318],"controllable":[320],"TMS":[321],"(cTMS)":[322],"device":[323],"adjustable":[325],"duration.":[327],"SIGNIFICANCE:":[328],"enhances":[333],"cTMS":[335],"functionality,":[336],"contribute":[339],"novel":[340],"insights":[341],"research":[343],"clinical":[345],"studies.":[346]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
