{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4320015719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2023.3240593","title":"Nervous-System-Wise Functional Estimation of Directed Brain\u2013Heart Interplay Through Microstate Occurrences","display_name":"Nervous-System-Wise Functional Estimation of Directed Brain\u2013Heart Interplay Through Microstate Occurrences","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4320015719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2023.3240593","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37022278"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2023.3240593","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2023.3240593","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/10/4359967/10032106.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/10/4359967/10032106.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013014934","display_name":"Vincenzo Catrambone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9030-7601"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1300504238","display_name":"Piaggio (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/00r254y42","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1300504238"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincenzo Catrambone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering & Bioengineering and Robotics Research Center, E. Piaggio, School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9030-7601","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering & Bioengineering and Robotics Research Center, E. Piaggio, School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1300504238","https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041459422","display_name":"Gaetano Valenza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6574-1879"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1300504238","display_name":"Piaggio (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/00r254y42","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1300504238"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaetano Valenza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering & Bioengineering and Robotics Research Center, E. Piaggio, School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Italy","Department of Information Engineering & Bioengineering and Robotics Research Center, E. Piaggio, School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6574-1879","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering & Bioengineering and Robotics Research Center, E. Piaggio, School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1300504238"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering & Bioengineering and Robotics Research Center, E. Piaggio, School of Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1300504238","https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9064,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94029797,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"8","first_page":"2270","last_page":"2278"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.588100016117096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.588100016117096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.1647000014781952,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.14090000092983246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heartbeat","display_name":"Heartbeat","score":0.6652933359146118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate-variability","display_name":"Heart rate variability","score":0.5331467986106873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurophysiology","display_name":"Neurophysiology","score":0.5298879742622375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.520026683807373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.4925282895565033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43558311462402344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.4107193648815155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.35090845823287964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate","display_name":"Heart rate","score":0.2298538088798523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.11530089378356934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-pressure","display_name":"Blood pressure","score":0.11166107654571533}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13852961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17021880","display_name":"Heartbeat","level":2,"score":0.6652933359146118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71635504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q933954","display_name":"Heart rate variability","level":4,"score":0.5331467986106873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152478114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660910","display_name":"Neurophysiology","level":2,"score":0.5298879742622375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.520026683807373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.4925282895565033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43558311462402344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.4107193648815155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.35090845823287964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.2298538088798523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.11530089378356934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.11166107654571533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001341","descriptor_name":"Autonomic Nervous System","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001341","descriptor_name":"Autonomic Nervous System","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001341","descriptor_name":"Autonomic Nervous System","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006321","descriptor_name":"Heart","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006321","descriptor_name":"Heart","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006321","descriptor_name":"Heart","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012146","descriptor_name":"Rest","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012146","descriptor_name":"Rest","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012146","descriptor_name":"Rest","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2023.3240593","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2023.3240593","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/10/4359967/10032106.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37022278","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37022278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arpi.unipi.it:11568/1177692","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11568/1177692","pdf_url":"https://arpi.unipi.it/bitstream/11568/1177692/5/Nervous-System-Wise_Functional_Estimation_of_Directed_BrainHeart_Interplay_Through_Microstate_Occurrences.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196265","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","host_organization_name":"University of Pisa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2023.3240593","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2023.3240593","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/10/4359967/10032106.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4253080156","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N. 101017727","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5819133359","display_name":"The \u201cExtended-Personal Reality\u201d: augmented recording and transmission of virtual senses through artificial-IntelligENCE","funder_award_id":"101017727","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4320015719.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4320015719.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W142646076","https://openalex.org/W1965960317","https://openalex.org/W1972200139","https://openalex.org/W1976522288","https://openalex.org/W1978120830","https://openalex.org/W1985623917","https://openalex.org/W2011805513","https://openalex.org/W2012462205","https://openalex.org/W2025210939","https://openalex.org/W2029934372","https://openalex.org/W2036681456","https://openalex.org/W2037064517","https://openalex.org/W2041782669","https://openalex.org/W2044461825","https://openalex.org/W2045412058","https://openalex.org/W2054287930","https://openalex.org/W2054655287","https://openalex.org/W2056555744","https://openalex.org/W2057569029","https://openalex.org/W2061649261","https://openalex.org/W2067962467","https://openalex.org/W2071044018","https://openalex.org/W2076910556","https://openalex.org/W2085009317","https://openalex.org/W2087108094","https://openalex.org/W2087849126","https://openalex.org/W2089721029","https://openalex.org/W2092718281","https://openalex.org/W2093135989","https://openalex.org/W2097982135","https://openalex.org/W2123671071","https://openalex.org/W2126501164","https://openalex.org/W2128495200","https://openalex.org/W2130031954","https://openalex.org/W2131216884","https://openalex.org/W2152287997","https://openalex.org/W2153426868","https://openalex.org/W2159551324","https://openalex.org/W2162134198","https://openalex.org/W2162273778","https://openalex.org/W2240661524","https://openalex.org/W2328805920","https://openalex.org/W2333032581","https://openalex.org/W2522887733","https://openalex.org/W2772704314","https://openalex.org/W2787481284","https://openalex.org/W2792266521","https://openalex.org/W2792847701","https://openalex.org/W2795079518","https://openalex.org/W2910134385","https://openalex.org/W2940246131","https://openalex.org/W2942566953","https://openalex.org/W2943474034","https://openalex.org/W2958541350","https://openalex.org/W2979837835","https://openalex.org/W2979934687","https://openalex.org/W2981764557","https://openalex.org/W3012088083","https://openalex.org/W3018854448","https://openalex.org/W3132436882","https://openalex.org/W3143949375","https://openalex.org/W3153187388","https://openalex.org/W3179585071","https://openalex.org/W3201506798","https://openalex.org/W3211265939","https://openalex.org/W4212918693","https://openalex.org/W4212938702","https://openalex.org/W4226096407","https://openalex.org/W4253782852","https://openalex.org/W4280573717","https://openalex.org/W4284972438","https://openalex.org/W4295426734","https://openalex.org/W6747953893","https://openalex.org/W6749512619"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385543909","https://openalex.org/W3039320222","https://openalex.org/W3199640442","https://openalex.org/W1898280036","https://openalex.org/W2315807364","https://openalex.org/W2382278803","https://openalex.org/W2376695684","https://openalex.org/W2803040299","https://openalex.org/W2034075638","https://openalex.org/W2071516037"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"The":[1,113,148],"quantification":[2],"of":[3,10,13,57,108,195,230,253],"functional":[4,88],"brain-heart":[5],"interplay":[6,59,172],"(BHI)":[7],"through":[8,92,130],"analysis":[9,69],"the":[11,14,61,76,123,126,134,164,178,191,205,208,216,231],"dynamics":[12],"central":[15],"and":[16,26,82,105,133,168,181,198,215,240],"autonomic":[17,27,139],"nervous":[18],"systems":[19],"provides":[20,219],"effective":[21],"biomarkers":[22],"for":[23],"cognitive,":[24],"emotional,":[25],"state":[28],"changes.":[29],"Several":[30],"computational":[31],"models":[32,51],"have":[33],"been":[34],"proposed":[35,114],"to":[36,71,163,177],"estimate":[37,72],"BHI,":[38],"focusing":[39],"on":[40,101,106,118,137,207],"a":[41,54,142,152,169,174,250],"single":[42],"sensor,":[43],"brain":[44],"region,":[45],"or":[46],"frequency":[47],"activity.":[48],"However,":[49],"no":[50],"currently":[52],"provide":[53,235],"directional":[55,77],"estimation":[56,89],"such":[58],"at":[60,249],"organ":[62],"level.":[63],"OBJECTIVE:":[64],"This":[65,202],"study":[66,203],"proposes":[67],"an":[68,93,138,223],"framework":[70,115],"BHI":[73,157,209,232],"that":[74,243],"quantifies":[75],"information":[78],"flow":[79],"between":[80],"whole-brain":[81],"heartbeat":[83,199],"dynamics.":[84,200],"METHODS:":[85],"System-wise":[86],"directed":[87],"is":[90,116],"performed":[91,129],"ad-hoc":[94],"symbolic":[95],"transfer":[96],"entropy":[97,194],"implementation,":[98],"which":[99],"leverages":[100],"EEG-derived":[102],"microstate":[103],"series":[104],"partition":[107],"heart":[109],"rate":[110],"variability":[111],"series.":[112],"validated":[117],"two":[119],"different":[120],"experimental":[121,149,213],"datasets:":[122],"first":[124],"investigates":[125],"cognitive":[127,159],"workload":[128,160],"mental":[131],"arithmetic":[132],"second":[135],"focuses":[136],"maneuver":[140],"using":[141],"cold":[143],"pressor":[144],"test":[145],"(CPT).":[146],"RESULTS:":[147],"results":[150],"highlight":[151],"significant":[153],"bidirectional":[154],"increase":[155],"in":[156],"during":[158,173],"with":[161],"respect":[162],"preceding":[165,179],"resting":[166],"phase":[167],"higher":[170],"descending":[171],"CPT":[175],"compared":[176],"rest":[180],"following":[182],"recovery":[183],"phases.":[184],"These":[185],"changes":[186],"are":[187],"not":[188,245],"detected":[189],"by":[190],"intrinsic":[192],"self":[193],"isolated":[196],"cortical":[197],"CONCLUSION:":[201],"corroborates":[204],"literature":[206],"phenomenon":[210,233],"under":[211],"these":[212],"conditions":[214],"new":[217,236],"perspective":[218,229],"novel":[220],"insights":[221,237],"from":[222],"organ-level":[224],"viewpoint.":[225],"SIGNIFICANCE:":[226],"A":[227],"system-wise":[228],"may":[234,244],"into":[238],"physiological":[239],"pathological":[241],"processes":[242],"be":[246],"completely":[247],"understood":[248],"lower":[251],"level/scale":[252],"analysis.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}