{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313291255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2022.3232849","title":"The Effect of Multiple Factors on Working Memory Capacities: Aging, Task Difficulty, and Training","display_name":"The Effect of Multiple Factors on Working Memory Capacities: Aging, Task Difficulty, and Training","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313291255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2022.3232849","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37015624"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2022.3232849","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2022.3232849","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101555180","display_name":"Tao Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6451-6362"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151615","display_name":"Wuyi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0488wz367","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151615"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tao Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0996-9953","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151615"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101973854","display_name":"Jiajia Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6658-9258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151615","display_name":"Wuyi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0488wz367","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151615"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiajia Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6658-9258","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151615"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005750424","display_name":"Zian Pei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5530-6539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102541","display_name":"Shenzhen Bay Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/00sdcjz77","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102541"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151615","display_name":"Wuyi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0488wz367","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151615"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zian Pei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, China","Institute of Neurological Disease, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5530-6539","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151615"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Neurological Disease, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102541"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101676575","display_name":"Jiaqing Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6429-1634"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151615","display_name":"Wuyi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0488wz367","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151615"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaqing Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151615"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100329129","display_name":"Junhua Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151615","display_name":"Wuyi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0488wz367","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151615"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junhua Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, China","School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5078-1712","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151615"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080347335","display_name":"Anastasios Bezerianos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8199-6000"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134249","display_name":"Centre for Research and Technology Hellas","ror":"https://ror.org/03bndpq63","country_code":"GR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]}],"countries":["GR","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anastasios Bezerianos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Helllenic Institute of Transportation, Greece","N1 Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Helllenic Institute of Transportation, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134249"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"N1 Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088964967","display_name":"Nitish V. Thakor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9981-9395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nitish Thakor","raw_affiliation_strings":["N1 Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"N1 Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018836772","display_name":"Hongtao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6564-5753"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151615","display_name":"Wuyi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0488wz367","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151615"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongtao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6564-5753","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151615"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101555180"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151615"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1842,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77519579,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"6","first_page":"1967","last_page":"1978"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.3991999924182892,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.3991999924182892,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.24490000307559967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.1785999983549118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/session","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","score":0.6647239923477173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/working-memory","display_name":"Working memory","score":0.6432382464408875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forgetting","display_name":"Forgetting","score":0.5707545280456543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.5695206522941589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.5680849552154541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5098156332969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.490548312664032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audiology","display_name":"Audiology","score":0.47736024856567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-activity-and-meditation","display_name":"Brain activity and meditation","score":0.4592748284339905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/n-back","display_name":"n-back","score":0.43066170811653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.35268324613571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.30458298325538635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.26567667722702026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.18178817629814148}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779182362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126187","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","level":2,"score":0.6647239923477173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21963081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11337567","display_name":"Working memory","level":3,"score":0.6432382464408875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7149132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1377840","display_name":"Forgetting","level":2,"score":0.5707545280456543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5695206522941589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.5680849552154541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5098156332969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.490548312664032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.47736024856567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120843803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4955807","display_name":"Brain activity and meditation","level":3,"score":0.4592748284339905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779075527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q306942","display_name":"n-back","level":4,"score":0.43066170811653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.35268324613571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.30458298325538635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.26567667722702026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.18178817629814148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000375","descriptor_name":"Aging","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000375","descriptor_name":"Aging","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000375","descriptor_name":"Aging","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001931","descriptor_name":"Brain Mapping","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001931","descriptor_name":"Brain Mapping","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001931","descriptor_name":"Brain Mapping","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008570","descriptor_name":"Memory, Short-Term","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008570","descriptor_name":"Memory, Short-Term","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008570","descriptor_name":"Memory, Short-Term","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2022.3232849","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2022.3232849","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:37015624","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37015624","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W232422141","https://openalex.org/W1132771824","https://openalex.org/W1969647331","https://openalex.org/W1974764791","https://openalex.org/W1978157802","https://openalex.org/W1981353266","https://openalex.org/W1985266789","https://openalex.org/W1989609569","https://openalex.org/W1993049273","https://openalex.org/W1994048523","https://openalex.org/W1998486151","https://openalex.org/W2009650955","https://openalex.org/W2012605297","https://openalex.org/W2020630435","https://openalex.org/W2023361699","https://openalex.org/W2036787665","https://openalex.org/W2042209107","https://openalex.org/W2047342826","https://openalex.org/W2053020512","https://openalex.org/W2061719753","https://openalex.org/W2066443853","https://openalex.org/W2066785847","https://openalex.org/W2083314469","https://openalex.org/W2103069600","https://openalex.org/W2105306137","https://openalex.org/W2117592787","https://openalex.org/W2118864139","https://openalex.org/W2121747917","https://openalex.org/W2127452517","https://openalex.org/W2138231525","https://openalex.org/W2138623500","https://openalex.org/W2141172186","https://openalex.org/W2146857375","https://openalex.org/W2155369114","https://openalex.org/W2156284662","https://openalex.org/W2158793606","https://openalex.org/W2159465690","https://openalex.org/W2171658023","https://openalex.org/W2189954694","https://openalex.org/W2519950843","https://openalex.org/W2613290519","https://openalex.org/W2756023243","https://openalex.org/W2903802230","https://openalex.org/W2949754700","https://openalex.org/W2952185808","https://openalex.org/W2979994211","https://openalex.org/W3010277476","https://openalex.org/W3017161802","https://openalex.org/W3034207626","https://openalex.org/W4213346165","https://openalex.org/W4253975223","https://openalex.org/W4292641167"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2521910969","https://openalex.org/W2041788160","https://openalex.org/W3108002930","https://openalex.org/W2466887110","https://openalex.org/W2067674688","https://openalex.org/W2068485906","https://openalex.org/W2165364760","https://openalex.org/W2145615592","https://openalex.org/W4389933916","https://openalex.org/W2314032432"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"GOAL:":[0],"Working":[1],"memory":[2,6,375],"(WM)":[3],"is":[4,27,46,206,221,250,287],"a":[5,9,299],"system":[7],"with":[8,71,98,111,237,244,275],"limited":[10],"capacity":[11],"that":[12,189,284,308],"can":[13,377],"process":[14],"and":[15,38,82,114,122,131,143,180,196,213,266,279,303,341,369,388],"store":[16],"information":[17],"temporarily":[18],"in":[19,146,156,174,223,253,317,334,360,380],"the":[20,34,52,55,64,94,109,150,161,170,184,198,217,224,228,241,254,260,269,273,280,285,291,296,309,318,323,327,338,342,351,365,373,383],"performing":[21],"of":[22,36,54,66,69,152,262,264,298,320,354,362,367,382,385],"cognitive":[23],"tasks.":[24],"Despite":[25],"WM":[26,70,96,155,214,245,321,335,355],"known":[28,47],"to":[29,62,148,168],"be":[30,235,378],"influenced":[31],"by":[32],"age,":[33],"difficulty":[35,100,263],"tasks":[37,265,274],"trained":[39],"or":[40],"not":[41],"from":[42,51],"behavior":[43],"studies,":[44],"little":[45],"about":[48],"their":[49],"relationships":[50],"aspect":[53],"brain":[56,72,171,193,200,300],"functional":[57,73,172,199],"network.":[58],"Our":[59],"goal":[60],"was":[61],"explore":[63],"factor":[65],"aging-related":[67],"changes":[68],"networks.":[74],"METHODS:":[75],"In":[76,104],"this":[77],"study,":[78],"25":[79],"healthy":[80,84],"elderly":[81,218,242,324,339],"23":[83],"young":[85,225,255,292,343],"volunteers":[86],"were":[87],"recruited":[88],"for":[89,216,240,290,322,336],"electroencephalogram":[90],"(EEG)":[91],"recording":[92],"during":[93],"visual":[95],"task":[97,370],"four":[99,112,145],"levels":[101],"(1-4":[102],"backs).":[103],"each":[105],"back,":[106],"we":[107,115,135,163,187,271,306],"repeat":[108],"experiment":[110],"sessions,":[113,248],"add":[116],"training":[117,138,246,267,286,319],"sections":[118],"between":[119,128,140,210,247],"session":[120,123,129,132,141,144],"one":[121],"two":[124,130],"as":[125,127],"well":[126],"three.":[133],"However,":[134],"remove":[136],"any":[137],"section":[139],"three":[142,175],"order":[147],"evaluate":[149],"impact":[151],"forgetting":[153],"on":[154,268],"different":[157,357],"age":[158],"groups.":[159],"After":[160],"experiment,":[162,186],"utilized":[164],"graph":[165,390],"theoretical":[166,391],"analysis":[167],"characterize":[169],"network":[173,194,201],"frequency":[176,358],"bands":[177,359],"(alpha,":[178],"beta,":[179],"theta).":[181],"RESULTS:":[182],"From":[183],"well-designed":[185],"found":[188],"physiological":[190,363],"aging":[191],"influences":[192],"connectivity":[195],"makes":[197],"less":[202],"differentiated.":[203],"Moreover,":[204],"there":[205],"an":[207,314,331],"inverse":[208],"relationship":[209],"alpha":[211],"activity":[212,233],"load":[215],"group,":[219],"which":[220,249],"absent":[222,252],"group.":[226,256,293,344],"At":[227],"same":[229],"time,":[230],"theta":[231],"band":[232,329],"will":[234],"correlated":[236],"behavioral":[238],"performance":[239],"group":[243,325,340],"also":[251],"To":[257],"further":[258],"study":[259],"influence":[261,366],"WM,":[270],"distinguish":[272],"quantified":[276],"topological":[277],"characteristics,":[278],"classification":[281],"results":[282],"manifest":[283],"more":[288],"effective":[289],"Finally,":[294],"through":[295],"establishment":[297],"map":[301],"before":[302],"after":[304],"training,":[305,368],"find":[307],"right":[310],"parietal":[311],"lobe":[312],"plays":[313,330],"important":[315,332],"role":[316,333],"whereas":[326],"beta":[328],"both":[337],"CONCLUSION:":[345],"Taken":[346],"together,":[347],"our":[348],"findings":[349],"clarify":[350],"underlying":[352],"mechanism":[353],"under":[356],"terms":[361,381],"aging,":[364],"difficulty.":[371],"SIGNIFICANCE:":[372],"working":[374],"capacities":[376],"uncovered":[379],"combination":[384],"three-way":[386],"ANOVA":[387],"EEG-based":[389],"analysis.":[392]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-29T09:16:38.111599","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}