{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4310457220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2022.3225268","title":"A Comparison of Signal Combinations for Deep Learning-Based Simultaneous Sleep Staging and Respiratory Event Detection","display_name":"A Comparison of Signal Combinations for Deep Learning-Based Simultaneous Sleep Staging and Respiratory Event Detection","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4310457220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2022.3225268","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36441886"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2022.3225268","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2022.3225268","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/10/10106060/09964431.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/10/10106060/09964431.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047519153","display_name":"R. Huttunen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8290-4764"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092991","display_name":"Kuopio University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00fqdfs68","country_code":"FI","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092991"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riku Huttunen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland","Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8290-4764","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092991"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085701602","display_name":"Timo Lepp\u00e4nen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4017-821X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160993911","display_name":"Queensland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03pnv4752","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092991","display_name":"Kuopio University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00fqdfs68","country_code":"FI","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092991"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107997","display_name":"Finland University","ror":"https://ror.org/014rks409","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107997"]}],"countries":["AU","FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timo Lepp\u00e4nen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Finland","Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland","School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4017-821X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246","https://openalex.org/I4210107997"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092991"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911","https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023099814","display_name":"Brett Duce","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3134-5138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160993911","display_name":"Queensland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03pnv4752","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801814493","display_name":"Princess Alexandra Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04mqb0968","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1302211766","https://openalex.org/I1302211766","https://openalex.org/I2801244131","https://openalex.org/I2801244131","https://openalex.org/I2801814493","https://openalex.org/I4210089726"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brett Duce","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sleep Disorders Centre, Department of Respiratory & Sleep Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Australia","Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane City, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3134-5138","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sleep Disorders Centre, Department of Respiratory & Sleep Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801814493"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane City, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085934194","display_name":"Erna Sif Arnard\u00f3ttir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0877-3529"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123185442","display_name":"Reykjav\u00edk University","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2kyx68","country_code":"IS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123185442"]}],"countries":["IS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erna S. Arnardottir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Reykjavik University Sleep Institute, School of Technology, Reykjavik University, Iceland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0877-3529","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Reykjavik University Sleep Institute, School of Technology, Reykjavik University, Iceland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123185442"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024843661","display_name":"Sami Nikkonen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0615-4118"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092991","display_name":"Kuopio University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00fqdfs68","country_code":"FI","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092991"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107997","display_name":"Finland University","ror":"https://ror.org/014rks409","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107997"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sami Nikkonen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Finland","Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0615-4118","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246","https://openalex.org/I4210107997"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092991"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038446667","display_name":"Sami Myllymaa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9779-4358"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092991","display_name":"Kuopio University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00fqdfs68","country_code":"FI","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092991"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107997","display_name":"Finland University","ror":"https://ror.org/014rks409","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107997"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sami Myllymaa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Finland","Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9779-4358","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246","https://openalex.org/I4210107997"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092991"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061605544","display_name":"Juha T\u00f6yr\u00e4s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-1606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160993911","display_name":"Queensland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03pnv4752","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092991","display_name":"Kuopio University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00fqdfs68","country_code":"FI","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092991"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107997","display_name":"Finland University","ror":"https://ror.org/014rks409","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107997"]}],"countries":["AU","FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juha T\u00f6yr\u00e4s","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Finland","School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Queensland, Australia","Science Service Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8035-1606","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246","https://openalex.org/I4210107997"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Queensland, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911","https://openalex.org/I165143802"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science Service Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092991"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079670783","display_name":"Henri Korkalainen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4686-6112"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175532246","display_name":"University of Eastern Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/00cyydd11","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175532246"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092991","display_name":"Kuopio University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00fqdfs68","country_code":"FI","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092991"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107997","display_name":"Finland University","ror":"https://ror.org/014rks409","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210107997"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henri Korkalainen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Finland","Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4686-6112","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175532246","https://openalex.org/I4210107997"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092991"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.0387,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96994283,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"5","first_page":"1704","last_page":"1714"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10234","display_name":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10234","display_name":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11579","display_name":"Cardiovascular and Diving-Related Complications","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polysomnography","display_name":"Polysomnography","score":0.7875672578811646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoplethysmogram","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","score":0.6470223069190979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-stages","display_name":"Sleep Stages","score":0.6440278887748718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-oximetry","display_name":"Pulse oximetry","score":0.5836064219474792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep","display_name":"Sleep (system call)","score":0.5374387502670288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apnea","display_name":"Apnea","score":0.5244039297103882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.4869717061519623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-apnea","display_name":"Sleep apnea","score":0.4727288782596588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypopnea","display_name":"Hypopnea","score":0.46793505549430847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breathing","display_name":"Breathing","score":0.45178091526031494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43757516145706177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstructive-sleep-apnea","display_name":"Obstructive sleep apnea","score":0.4368974566459656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-monitoring","display_name":"Respiratory monitoring","score":0.43445590138435364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.4341220259666443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-system","display_name":"Respiratory system","score":0.4033432900905609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3162546157836914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anesthesia","display_name":"Anesthesia","score":0.2638534903526306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.20442286133766174}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778205975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754874","display_name":"Polysomnography","level":3,"score":0.7875672578811646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116390426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187885","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","level":3,"score":0.6470223069190979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910364982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35831","display_name":"Sleep Stages","level":4,"score":0.6440278887748718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780124106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140495","display_name":"Pulse oximetry","level":2,"score":0.5836064219474792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775841894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4683692","display_name":"Sleep (system call)","level":2,"score":0.5374387502670288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781326671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754424","display_name":"Apnea","level":2,"score":0.5244039297103882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4869717061519623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777935920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213600","display_name":"Sleep apnea","level":2,"score":0.4727288782596588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777711342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q957217","display_name":"Hypopnea","level":4,"score":0.46793505549430847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39300077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9530","display_name":"Breathing","level":2,"score":0.45178091526031494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43757516145706177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776006263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16606552","display_name":"Obstructive sleep apnea","level":2,"score":0.4368974566459656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779358675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3766250","display_name":"Respiratory monitoring","level":3,"score":0.43445590138435364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.4341220259666443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534529494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7891","display_name":"Respiratory system","level":2,"score":0.4033432900905609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3162546157836914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.2638534903526306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.20442286133766174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012890","descriptor_name":"Sleep","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012890","descriptor_name":"Sleep","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012890","descriptor_name":"Sleep","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012894","descriptor_name":"Sleep Stages","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012894","descriptor_name":"Sleep Stages","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012894","descriptor_name":"Sleep Stages","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017286","descriptor_name":"Polysomnography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017286","descriptor_name":"Polysomnography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017286","descriptor_name":"Polysomnography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020181","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea, Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020181","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea, Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020181","descriptor_name":"Sleep Apnea, Obstructive","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2022.3225268","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2022.3225268","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/10/10106060/09964431.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36441886","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36441886","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2022.3225268","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2022.3225268","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/10/10106060/09964431.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1857230051","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5041767","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322356","funder_display_name":"Kuopion Yliopistollinen Sairaala"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2674486824","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"90458","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322885","funder_display_name":"NordForsk"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3710321347","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5041803","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322356","funder_display_name":"Kuopion Yliopistollinen Sairaala"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4039686813","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5133/31/2018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322885","funder_display_name":"NordForsk"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G409104870","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5041797","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322356","funder_display_name":"Kuopion Yliopistollinen Sairaala"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G434337789","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HORIZON2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4375142080","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"323536","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4595492573","display_name":"DEEP LEARNING AND PHYSIOLOGY BASED APPROACH TO DERIVE AND LINK OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNOEA PHENOTYPES AND SYMPTOMATOLOGY","funder_award_id":"2001729","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334705","funder_display_name":"National Health and Medical Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5895288110","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5041794","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322356","funder_display_name":"Kuopion Yliopistollinen Sairaala"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6416705042","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"965417","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322885","funder_display_name":"NordForsk"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G746860019","display_name":"Revolution of sleep diagnostics and personalized health care based on digital diagnostics and therapeutics with health data integration","funder_award_id":"965417","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8091234414","display_name":"Yksil\u00f6llistetty Terveys \u2014 It\u00e4-Suomen yliopisto (5133/31/2018)","funder_award_id":"5133/31/2018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328501","funder_display_name":"Business Finland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322356","display_name":"Kuopion Yliopistollinen Sairaala","ror":"https://ror.org/00fqdfs68"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322885","display_name":"NordForsk","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqzfg94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325015","display_name":"Hengityssairauksien Tutkimuss\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325149","display_name":"Filha","ror":"https://ror.org/01m9jhr72"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328501","display_name":"Business Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05bgf9v38"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334705","display_name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/011kf5r70"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4310457220.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4310457220.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W109729959","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1963756232","https://openalex.org/W1984683198","https://openalex.org/W2009973388","https://openalex.org/W2019241323","https://openalex.org/W2032299679","https://openalex.org/W2041785245","https://openalex.org/W2042592767","https://openalex.org/W2061276287","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2141403362","https://openalex.org/W2143159308","https://openalex.org/W2169566380","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2530070824","https://openalex.org/W2560384232","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2765811365","https://openalex.org/W2789916407","https://openalex.org/W2894120069","https://openalex.org/W2901906577","https://openalex.org/W2904418346","https://openalex.org/W2908510526","https://openalex.org/W2920016582","https://openalex.org/W2959442417","https://openalex.org/W2977759318","https://openalex.org/W2981654920","https://openalex.org/W2995516697","https://openalex.org/W3003257820","https://openalex.org/W3005101179","https://openalex.org/W3013273332","https://openalex.org/W3014991793","https://openalex.org/W3026720205","https://openalex.org/W3135548320","https://openalex.org/W3170297763","https://openalex.org/W3176079732","https://openalex.org/W3197420377","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6757817989","https://openalex.org/W6767290199"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2732360296","https://openalex.org/W1994871954","https://openalex.org/W4383477773","https://openalex.org/W1125271515","https://openalex.org/W2115667775","https://openalex.org/W2769479827","https://openalex.org/W2808864662","https://openalex.org/W4200468557","https://openalex.org/W1979672715","https://openalex.org/W4379599796"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objective:Obstructive":[0],"sleep":[1,43,62,188,215,235],"apnea":[2],"(OSA)":[3],"is":[4,12],"diagnosed":[5],"using":[6,207],"the":[7,13,41,71,96,149,224],"apnea-hypopnea":[8],"index":[9],"(AHI),":[10],"which":[11],"average":[14],"number":[15],"of":[16,21,36,86,214,223,234,251],"respiratory":[17,65,136,218,238],"events":[18,219,239],"per":[19],"hour":[20],"sleep.":[22],"Recently,":[23],"machine":[24],"learning":[25,56,98],"algorithms":[26],"for":[27,147],"automatic":[28,187,210,225],"AHI":[29,75,150],"assessment":[30],"have":[31],"been":[32],"developed,":[33],"but":[34],"many":[35],"them":[37],"do":[38],"not":[39],"consider":[40],"individual":[42],"stages":[44,63,216,236],"or":[45],"events.":[46,66],"In":[47],"this":[48],"study,":[49],"we":[50],"aimed":[51],"to":[52,58,94],"develop":[53],"a":[54,241],"deep":[55,97],"model":[57,119,126,159,164,176,181],"simultaneously":[59],"score":[60],"both":[61],"and":[64,73,115,123,135,145,169,195,201,217,227,237],"The":[67,100,186],"hypothesis":[68],"was":[69,103],"that":[70],"scoring":[72,213,233],"subsequent":[74],"calculation":[76],"could":[77,246],"be":[78,205],"performed":[79],"utilizing":[80],"pulse":[81,208,243],"oximetry":[82,244],"data":[83],"only.Methods:Polysomnography":[84],"recordings":[85],"877":[87],"individuals":[88],"with":[89,105,142,197,240],"suspected":[90],"OSA":[91,231],"were":[92,192],"used":[93],"train":[95],"models.":[99],"same":[101],"architecture":[102],"trained":[104],"three":[106],"different":[107],"input":[108],"signal":[109],"combinations":[110],"(model":[111,151,171],"1:":[112],"photoplethysmogram":[113],"(PPG)":[114],"oxygen":[116],"saturation":[117],"(SpO$_{2}$);":[118],"2:":[120],"PPG,":[121],"SpO$_{2}$,":[122,128],"nasal":[124,129],"pressure;":[125],"3:":[127],"pressure,":[130],"electroencephalogram":[131],"(EEG),":[132],"oronasal":[133],"thermocouple,":[134],"belts).Results:Model":[137],"1":[138,152,172],"reached":[139],"comparative":[140],"performance":[141],"models":[143,198],"2":[144,160,177],"3":[146,165,182],"estimating":[148],"intraclass":[153],"correlation":[154],"coefficient":[155],"(ICC)":[156],"=":[157,162,167,174,179,184],"0.946;":[158],"ICC":[161,166,173,178,183],"0.931;":[163],"0.945),":[168],"REM-AHI":[170],"0.912;":[175],"0.921;":[180],"0.883).":[185],"staging":[189],"accuracies":[190],"(wake/N1/N2/N3/REM)":[191],"69%,":[193],"70%,":[194],"79%":[196],"1,":[199],"2,":[200],"3,":[202],"respectively.Conclusion:AHI":[203],"can":[204],"estimated":[206],"oximetry-based":[209],"scoring.":[211],"Explicit":[212],"allows":[220],"visual":[221],"validation":[222],"analysis,":[226],"provides":[228],"information":[229],"on":[230],"phenotypes.Significance:Automatic":[232],"simple":[242],"setup":[245],"allow":[247],"cost-effective,":[248],"large-scale":[249],"screening":[250],"OSA.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-12T21:12:35.861297","created_date":"2022-12-10T00:00:00"}