{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4296473559","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2022.3208078","title":"Motor Unit Number Estimation in Spastic Biceps Brachii Muscles of Chronic Stroke Survivors Before and After BoNT Injection","display_name":"Motor Unit Number Estimation in Spastic Biceps Brachii Muscles of Chronic Stroke Survivors Before and After BoNT Injection","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4296473559","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2022.3208078","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36126033"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2022.3208078","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2022.3208078","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10676740/pdf/nihms-1875940.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100355725","display_name":"Yang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8631-0154"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100736436","display_name":"Yen\u2010Ting Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7307-3700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1308118854","display_name":"Memorial Hermann Institute for Rehabilitation and Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/037v8w471","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308118854"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192664086","display_name":"Northeastern State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01z7kzb45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192664086"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I919571938","display_name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/03gds6c39","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yen-Ting Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA","Department of Health and Kinesiology, Northeastern State University, USA","TIRR Memorial Hermann Hospital, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health and Kinesiology, Northeastern State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192664086"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TIRR Memorial Hermann Hospital, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1308118854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100380088","display_name":"Chuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0985-8364"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0985-8364","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023146372","display_name":"Ping Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4394-2677"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Rehabilitation Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4394-2677","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Rehabilitation Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112409267","display_name":"Sheng Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1308118854","display_name":"Memorial Hermann Institute for Rehabilitation and Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/037v8w471","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308118854"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I919571938","display_name":"The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/03gds6c39","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA","TIRR Memorial Hermann Hospital, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919571938"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TIRR Memorial Hermann Hospital, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1308118854"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100761349","display_name":"Yingchun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1927-4103"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingchun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1927-4103","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100355725"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6192,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69807906,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"3","first_page":"1045","last_page":"1052"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11274","display_name":"Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders","score":0.8202999830245972,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11274","display_name":"Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders","score":0.8202999830245972,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11097","display_name":"Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders","score":0.051899999380111694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.045899998396635056,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spastic","display_name":"Spastic","score":0.7701398134231567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-unit","display_name":"Motor unit","score":0.7672895789146423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spasticity","display_name":"Spasticity","score":0.7279185652732849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biceps","display_name":"Biceps","score":0.7088935971260071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.6883794069290161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromyography","display_name":"Electromyography","score":0.5985876321792603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.5827057957649231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","score":0.5400330424308777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denervation","display_name":"Denervation","score":0.4287908673286438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiology","display_name":"Cardiology","score":0.35226619243621826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.2960204780101776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anatomy","display_name":"Anatomy","score":0.17731592059135437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776195251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7573993","display_name":"Spastic","level":3,"score":0.7701398134231567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781425072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1889028","display_name":"Motor unit","level":2,"score":0.7672895789146423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779012798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117060","display_name":"Spasticity","level":2,"score":0.7279185652732849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781425419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201363","display_name":"Biceps","level":2,"score":0.7088935971260071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6883794069290161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777515770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507369","display_name":"Electromyography","level":2,"score":0.5985876321792603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.5827057957649231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780645631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671554","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","level":2,"score":0.5400330424308777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776805190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187030","display_name":"Denervation","level":2,"score":0.4287908673286438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.35226619243621826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2960204780101776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.17731592059135437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779421357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210427","display_name":"Cerebral palsy","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001905","descriptor_name":"Botulinum Toxins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001905","descriptor_name":"Botulinum Toxins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001905","descriptor_name":"Botulinum Toxins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001905","descriptor_name":"Botulinum Toxins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004576","descriptor_name":"Electromyography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009128","descriptor_name":"Muscle Spasticity","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009128","descriptor_name":"Muscle Spasticity","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009128","descriptor_name":"Muscle Spasticity","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009128","descriptor_name":"Muscle Spasticity","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009132","descriptor_name":"Muscles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009132","descriptor_name":"Muscles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009132","descriptor_name":"Muscles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009132","descriptor_name":"Muscles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017741","descriptor_name":"Survivors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017741","descriptor_name":"Survivors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017741","descriptor_name":"Survivors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017741","descriptor_name":"Survivors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020521","descriptor_name":"Stroke","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020521","descriptor_name":"Stroke","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020521","descriptor_name":"Stroke","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020521","descriptor_name":"Stroke","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2022.3208078","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2022.3208078","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36126033","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36126033","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10676740","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10676740","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10676740/pdf/nihms-1875940.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10676740","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10676740","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10676740/pdf/nihms-1875940.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2828345594","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HD090453","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4296473559.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1762332620","https://openalex.org/W1975039972","https://openalex.org/W1982957249","https://openalex.org/W1997891927","https://openalex.org/W1999969254","https://openalex.org/W2004879773","https://openalex.org/W2012668367","https://openalex.org/W2021879634","https://openalex.org/W2022166642","https://openalex.org/W2032528367","https://openalex.org/W2042861111","https://openalex.org/W2043178411","https://openalex.org/W2043761124","https://openalex.org/W2048937882","https://openalex.org/W2054884715","https://openalex.org/W2059775788","https://openalex.org/W2065136922","https://openalex.org/W2065503377","https://openalex.org/W2080441873","https://openalex.org/W2081125942","https://openalex.org/W2088084325","https://openalex.org/W2093990877","https://openalex.org/W2094216768","https://openalex.org/W2095268215","https://openalex.org/W2098776203","https://openalex.org/W2102085336","https://openalex.org/W2110785011","https://openalex.org/W2123826561","https://openalex.org/W2130034406","https://openalex.org/W2140984093","https://openalex.org/W2141789135","https://openalex.org/W2154719250","https://openalex.org/W2160380506","https://openalex.org/W2168149181","https://openalex.org/W2254721108","https://openalex.org/W2396446279","https://openalex.org/W2401908553","https://openalex.org/W2435909895","https://openalex.org/W2469942830","https://openalex.org/W2598708657","https://openalex.org/W2751800364","https://openalex.org/W2947176866","https://openalex.org/W2953235498","https://openalex.org/W3151144641"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1992757581","https://openalex.org/W2416364138","https://openalex.org/W1971752500","https://openalex.org/W2409613471","https://openalex.org/W2410425789","https://openalex.org/W2038026796","https://openalex.org/W2091975360","https://openalex.org/W4292331223","https://openalex.org/W1965760488","https://openalex.org/W2146841942"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"The":[1,117,209],"study":[2,174,213],"aims":[3],"to":[4,40,92,124,143,149,162,179,187,223],"characterize":[5,125,188],"the":[6,42,68,88,93,106,110,126,151,156,163,176,181,189,193,199,204,225,234,240],"motor":[7,33,46,127,136],"unit":[8,34,128],"(MU)":[9],"loss":[10,129,153,191,227],"in":[11,130,192,228],"spastic":[12,89,107,131,194,229],"biceps":[13],"brachii":[14],"muscle":[15,132,195],"(BBM)":[16],"of":[17,44,48,50,159,166,183,206,211],"chronic":[18,52],"stroke":[19,53,197],"survivors":[20,54],"before":[21,56],"and":[22,59,77,168,198],"after":[23,61,113,231,239],"botulinum":[24],"neurotoxin":[25],"(BoNT)":[26],"injection.":[27,115],"METHODS:":[28],"High-density":[29],"weighted":[30],"average":[31],"(HDWA)":[32],"number":[35,43],"estimation":[36],"(MUNE)":[37],"was":[38,85,103],"employed":[39,123],"estimate":[41],"functioning":[45],"units":[47],"BBMs":[49,90],"eight":[51],"1-week":[55],"(1st":[57],"visit)":[58,63],"3-week":[60],"(2nd":[62],"BoNT":[64,114,160,201,241],"injection":[65,202,242],"based":[66],"on":[67],"surface":[69],"electromyography":[70],"(sEMG)":[71],"signals":[72],"recorded":[73],"during":[74,96,109],"voluntary":[75],"contraction":[76,140],"supramaximal":[78],"electrical":[79],"stimulation.":[80],"RESULT:":[81],"Significant":[82],"lower":[83],"MUNE":[84,102,119,185,217,237],"estimated":[86],"from":[87,105],"compared":[91],"non-spastic":[94],"MUNEs":[95],"two":[97],"visits.":[98],"A":[99],"surprisingly":[100],"higher":[101],"obtained":[104],"side":[108],"2nd":[111],"visit":[112],"CONCLUSIONS:":[116],"HDWA":[118,184,216],"technique":[120,186],"can":[121,218],"be":[122,219,244],"caused":[133,154],"by":[134,155],"upper":[135],"neuro":[137],"lesions":[138],"at":[139],"level":[141],"up":[142],"30%":[144],"MVC,":[145],"but":[146,233],"may":[147],"fail":[148],"detect":[150,224],"MU":[152,190,226],"chemodenervation":[157],"effect":[158],"due":[161],"non-uniform":[164],"denervation":[165],"small":[167],"large":[169,235],"size":[170],"MUs.":[171],"SIGNIFICANCE:":[172],"This":[173],"presents":[175],"first":[177],"effort":[178],"evaluate":[180],"applicability":[182],"following":[196],"subsequent":[200],"for":[203],"treatment":[205],"post-stroke":[207],"spasticity.":[208],"finding":[210],"this":[212],"suggests":[214],"that":[215],"a":[220],"sensitive":[221],"approach":[222],"muscles":[230],"stroke,":[232],"inter-subject":[236],"variability":[238],"should":[243],"interpreted":[245],"with":[246],"caution.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-29T09:16:38.111599","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}