{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210677783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2022.3147855","title":"Micromolar Metabolite Measurement in an Electronically Multiplexed Format","display_name":"Micromolar Metabolite Measurement in an Electronically Multiplexed Format","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210677783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2022.3147855","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35104208"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2022.3147855","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2022.3147855","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079797663","display_name":"Valerio F. Annese","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7061-2032"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. F. Annese","raw_affiliation_strings":["James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7061-2032","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511","https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046370575","display_name":"Christos Giagkoulovits","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5447-4311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Giagkoulovits","raw_affiliation_strings":["James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5447-4311","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511","https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023809933","display_name":"Chunxiao Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4031-1340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4031-1340","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511","https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039093699","display_name":"Mohammed A. Al-Rawhani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5807-8404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. A. Al-Rawhani","raw_affiliation_strings":["James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5807-8404","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511","https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033541324","display_name":"James Grant","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3562-393X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Grant","raw_affiliation_strings":["James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3562-393X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511","https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034026464","display_name":"Samadhan B. Patil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3697-0725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. B. Patil","raw_affiliation_strings":["James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511","https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062699625","display_name":"David R. S. Cumming","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7838-8362"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. R. S. Cumming","raw_affiliation_strings":["James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7838-8362","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7154,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61839595,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"9","first_page":"2715","last_page":"2722"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10412","display_name":"Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications","score":0.21899999678134918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10412","display_name":"Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications","score":0.21899999678134918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11393","display_name":"Biosensors and Analytical Detection","score":0.11110000312328339,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11190","display_name":"3D Printing in Biomedical Research","score":0.10620000213384628,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microfluidics","display_name":"Microfluidics","score":0.762779712677002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.662775993347168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-of-care","display_name":"Point of care","score":0.5519143342971802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.46746590733528137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.4520138204097748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biosensor","display_name":"Biosensor","score":0.4405423700809479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detection-limit","display_name":"Detection limit","score":0.4246062934398651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4224248230457306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.39598697423934937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","score":0.3205755352973938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.2974587678909302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.179475337266922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15285053849220276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.14120391011238098}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8673954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138845","display_name":"Microfluidics","level":2,"score":0.762779712677002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.662775993347168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51915194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17075487","display_name":"Point of care","level":2,"score":0.5519143342971802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.46746590733528137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.4520138204097748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160756335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q669391","display_name":"Biosensor","level":2,"score":0.4405423700809479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119128265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900165","display_name":"Detection limit","level":2,"score":0.4246062934398651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4224248230457306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.39598697423934937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3205755352973938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.2974587678909302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.179475337266922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15285053849220276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.14120391011238098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002794","descriptor_name":"Choline","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002794","descriptor_name":"Choline","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002794","descriptor_name":"Choline","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010087","descriptor_name":"Oxides","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010087","descriptor_name":"Oxides","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010087","descriptor_name":"Oxides","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012666","descriptor_name":"Semiconductors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012666","descriptor_name":"Semiconductors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012666","descriptor_name":"Semiconductors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019095","descriptor_name":"Point-of-Care Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019095","descriptor_name":"Point-of-Care Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019095","descriptor_name":"Point-of-Care Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044085","descriptor_name":"Microfluidics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044085","descriptor_name":"Microfluidics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044085","descriptor_name":"Microfluidics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2022.3147855","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2022.3147855","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35104208","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35104208","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:263743","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Articles"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:263743","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Articles"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1449252721","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/K021966/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3436638565","display_name":"QuantIC - The UK Quantum Technology Hub in Quantum Imaging","funder_award_id":"EP/T00097X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6200539771","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/K021966","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","funder_display_name":"UK Research and Innovation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8544008722","display_name":"The Multicorder","funder_award_id":"EP/K021966/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8602226179","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/T00097X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G987355356","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/T00097X","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","funder_display_name":"UK Research and Innovation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","display_name":"UK Research and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/001aqnf71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969491493","https://openalex.org/W1970591211","https://openalex.org/W1976704354","https://openalex.org/W1978003080","https://openalex.org/W1991272343","https://openalex.org/W2003877064","https://openalex.org/W2009948709","https://openalex.org/W2059338946","https://openalex.org/W2080666629","https://openalex.org/W2080694167","https://openalex.org/W2107621321","https://openalex.org/W2140553508","https://openalex.org/W2151353276","https://openalex.org/W2155340813","https://openalex.org/W2170522824","https://openalex.org/W2287510856","https://openalex.org/W2336591923","https://openalex.org/W2533975621","https://openalex.org/W2576222446","https://openalex.org/W2608947055","https://openalex.org/W2753130274","https://openalex.org/W2792356259","https://openalex.org/W2884980950","https://openalex.org/W2899391365","https://openalex.org/W2902468248","https://openalex.org/W2950819922","https://openalex.org/W2952207233","https://openalex.org/W2967247530","https://openalex.org/W2990336946","https://openalex.org/W2997163406","https://openalex.org/W3014480006","https://openalex.org/W3046586472","https://openalex.org/W3099945319","https://openalex.org/W3116495303","https://openalex.org/W3135263419","https://openalex.org/W3204294186","https://openalex.org/W4240648730","https://openalex.org/W4388399941"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2046430340","https://openalex.org/W2322026400","https://openalex.org/W2383021773","https://openalex.org/W1990396141","https://openalex.org/W4206515393","https://openalex.org/W2056670287","https://openalex.org/W1929958295","https://openalex.org/W2226641048","https://openalex.org/W2002555800","https://openalex.org/W2021425015"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"The":[1,97],"detection":[2,138,169],"of":[3,78,90,118,128,137,139,145,150,168],"metabolites":[4],"such":[5],"as":[6],"choline":[7,129],"in":[8,12,26,35,62,130],"blood":[9,28,132],"are":[10,50,171],"important":[11],"clinical":[13,176],"care":[14],"for":[15,124],"patients":[16],"with":[17,83,134,164],"cancer":[18],"and":[19,48,112,142],"cardiovascular":[20],"disease.":[21],"Choline":[22],"is":[23,40],"only":[24],"present":[25,74],"human":[27,131],"at":[29],"low":[30,166],"concentrations":[31],"hence":[32],"accurate":[33],"measurement":[34],"an":[36],"affordable":[37],"point-of-care":[38,81],"format":[39],"extremely":[41,165],"challenging.":[42],"Although":[43],"complementary":[44],"metal-oxide":[45],"semiconductor":[46],"(CMOS)":[47],"microfluidics":[49,151],"individually":[51],"mature":[52],"technologies,":[53],"their":[54],"integration":[55,77],"has":[56,156],"presented":[57],"challenges":[58],"that":[59,170],"we":[60,73,120],"overcome":[61],"a":[63,79,91,116,135,143],"novel,":[64],"cost-effective,":[65],"single-step":[66],"process.":[67],"METHODS:":[68],"To":[69],"demonstrate":[70],"the":[71,75,104,122,125,157],"process,":[72],"microfluidic":[76,86],"metabolomics-on-CMOS":[80],"platform":[82],"four":[84],"capillary":[85],"channels":[87],"on":[88,152],"top":[89],"CMOS":[92,154],"optical":[93,110],"sensor":[94],"array.":[95],"RESULTS:":[96],"fabricated":[98],"device":[99,123],"was":[100],"characterised":[101],"to":[102,153,159,174],"verify":[103],"required":[105],"structural":[106],"profile,":[107],"mechanical":[108],"strength,":[109],"spectra,":[111],"fluid":[113],"flow.":[114],"As":[115],"proof":[117],"concept,":[119],"used":[121],"in-vitro":[126],"quantification":[127],"plasma":[133],"limit":[136,167],"3.2":[140],"\u03bcM":[141],"resolution":[144],"1.6":[146],"\u03bcM.":[147],"SIGNIFICANCE:":[148],"Integration":[149],"technology":[155],"potential":[158],"enable":[160],"advanced":[161],"sensing":[162],"technologies":[163],"well":[172],"suited":[173],"multiple":[175],"metabolite":[177],"measurements.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
