{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3217647355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2021.3131353","title":"Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy Beyond the Water Peak Enabled by Cross-Correlation of the Signals From InGaAs/InP Single Photon Detectors","display_name":"Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy Beyond the Water Peak Enabled by Cross-Correlation of the Signals From InGaAs/InP Single Photon Detectors","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3217647355","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2021.3131353","mag":"3217647355","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34847015"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2021.3131353","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2021.3131353","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9119938","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mitchell B. Robinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5810-0459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mitchell B. Robinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5810-0459","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Marco Renna","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127055","display_name":"Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging","ror":"https://ror.org/032q5ym94","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I4210127055","https://openalex.org/I48633490","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Renna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127055","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Nisan N. Ozana","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127055","display_name":"Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging","ror":"https://ror.org/032q5ym94","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I4210127055","https://openalex.org/I48633490","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nisan N. Ozana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127055","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Adriano Peruch","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127055","display_name":"Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging","ror":"https://ror.org/032q5ym94","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I4210127055","https://openalex.org/I48633490","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adriano Peruch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127055","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sava Sakadzic","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127055","display_name":"Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging","ror":"https://ror.org/032q5ym94","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I4210127055","https://openalex.org/I48633490","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sava Sakadzic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127055","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Megan L. Blackwell","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Megan L. Blackwell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jonathan M. Richardson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan M. Richardson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Brian F. Aull","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8392-5468"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian F. Aull","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8392-5468","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Stefan A. Carp","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127055","display_name":"Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging","ror":"https://ror.org/032q5ym94","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I4210127055","https://openalex.org/I48633490","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan A. Carp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127055","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Maria Angela Franceschini","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127055","display_name":"Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging","ror":"https://ror.org/032q5ym94","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I4210127055","https://openalex.org/I48633490","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Angela Franceschini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127055","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2905,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80559899,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"6","first_page":"1943","last_page":"1953"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11569","display_name":"Optical Coherence Tomography Applications","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10540","display_name":"Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.8971999883651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5120000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelength","display_name":"Wavelength","score":0.4575999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation-coefficient","display_name":"Correlation coefficient","score":0.4196000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distortion","display_name":"Distortion (music)","score":0.4153999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photon","display_name":"Photon","score":0.4077000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectroscopy","display_name":"Spectroscopy","score":0.36629998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation-function","display_name":"Correlation function (quantum field theory)","score":0.3619000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.3407999873161316}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.8971999883651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.6191999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5120000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.47540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.4575999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780092901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433612","display_name":"Correlation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.4196000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126780896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871","display_name":"Distortion (music)","level":4,"score":0.4153999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159317903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3198","display_name":"Photon","level":2,"score":0.4077000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.36629998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53622274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2496679","display_name":"Correlation function (quantum field theory)","level":3,"score":0.3619000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.3407999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.3319999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23125352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210765","display_name":"Photodetector","level":2,"score":0.31839999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144618238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902601","display_name":"Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy","level":3,"score":0.305400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.298799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145417883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275421","display_name":"Diffuse optical imaging","level":3,"score":0.2939999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781402376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126172","display_name":"Photon counting","level":3,"score":0.2928999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180651308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1265973","display_name":"Dark current","level":3,"score":0.2793000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.2766999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87133666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161699","display_name":"Dynamic range","level":2,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163018871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1302587","display_name":"Cross-correlation","level":2,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29265498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7047719","display_name":"Noise measurement","level":3,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22762622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628904","display_name":"Operating point","level":2,"score":0.2581999897956848}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006439","descriptor_name":"Hemodynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006439","descriptor_name":"Hemodynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006439","descriptor_name":"Hemodynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006439","descriptor_name":"Hemodynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006439","descriptor_name":"Hemodynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006439","descriptor_name":"Hemodynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006439","descriptor_name":"Hemodynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013057","descriptor_name":"Spectrum Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013057","descriptor_name":"Spectrum Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013057","descriptor_name":"Spectrum Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013057","descriptor_name":"Spectrum Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013057","descriptor_name":"Spectrum Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013057","descriptor_name":"Spectrum Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013057","descriptor_name":"Spectrum Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014867","descriptor_name":"Water","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014867","descriptor_name":"Water","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014867","descriptor_name":"Water","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014867","descriptor_name":"Water","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014867","descriptor_name":"Water","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014867","descriptor_name":"Water","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014867","descriptor_name":"Water","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017785","descriptor_name":"Photons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017785","descriptor_name":"Photons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017785","descriptor_name":"Photons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017785","descriptor_name":"Photons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017785","descriptor_name":"Photons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017785","descriptor_name":"Photons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017785","descriptor_name":"Photons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D059629","descriptor_name":"Signal-To-Noise Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059629","descriptor_name":"Signal-To-Noise Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059629","descriptor_name":"Signal-To-Noise Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059629","descriptor_name":"Signal-To-Noise Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059629","descriptor_name":"Signal-To-Noise Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059629","descriptor_name":"Signal-To-Noise Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059629","descriptor_name":"Signal-To-Noise Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2021.3131353","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2021.3131353","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34847015","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34847015","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9119938","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9119938","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9119938","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9119938","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2338928111","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R21EB028626-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3148854587","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F31NS118753-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4875673114","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T32EB001680-16","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7927595414","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01EB028660-02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1834065734","https://openalex.org/W2048496787","https://openalex.org/W2056493921","https://openalex.org/W2067338950","https://openalex.org/W2093838564","https://openalex.org/W2133404950","https://openalex.org/W2160379269","https://openalex.org/W2167656187","https://openalex.org/W2333287781","https://openalex.org/W2408822428","https://openalex.org/W2410095506","https://openalex.org/W2412951225","https://openalex.org/W2587801673","https://openalex.org/W2594649466","https://openalex.org/W2604828609","https://openalex.org/W2605782186","https://openalex.org/W2765439529","https://openalex.org/W2772283039","https://openalex.org/W2773298725","https://openalex.org/W2801251212","https://openalex.org/W2884710134","https://openalex.org/W2913410661","https://openalex.org/W3000624375","https://openalex.org/W3003747107","https://openalex.org/W3012175591","https://openalex.org/W3018184407","https://openalex.org/W3025856031","https://openalex.org/W3087929253","https://openalex.org/W3090143721","https://openalex.org/W3090587177","https://openalex.org/W3095055122","https://openalex.org/W3122070555","https://openalex.org/W3130907114","https://openalex.org/W3194884107"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"Diffuse":[1],"correlation":[2,70,99,112,160,171],"spectroscopy":[3],"(DCS)":[4],"is":[5],"an":[6],"optical":[7],"technique":[8],"that":[9,22],"allows":[10,210],"for":[11,49,89,211],"the":[12,27,101,111,131,146,152,155,159,167,170,192,208,212,216,244],"non-invasive":[13],"measurement":[14,124],"of":[15,100,140,148,154,169,176,189,191,199,204,215,243],"blood":[16,76,218],"flow.":[17],"Recent":[18],"work":[19,223],"has":[20],"shown":[21],"utilizing":[23],"longer":[24,45,234],"wavelengths":[25,46,236],"beyond":[26],"traditional":[28],"NIR":[29,235],"range":[30,147],"provides":[31],"a":[32,68,163,182,187,225],"significant":[33],"improvement":[34],"to":[35,44,72,109,119,129,165],"signal-to-noise":[36],"ratio":[37],"(SNR).":[38],"However,":[39],"current":[40],"detectors":[41,86],"both":[42],"sensitive":[43],"and":[47,58,93,202],"suitable":[48],"clinical":[50],"applications":[51],"(InGaAs/InP":[52],"SPADs)":[53],"suffer":[54],"from":[55,104,194],"suboptimal":[56],"afterpulsing":[57],"dark":[59],"noise":[60,157],"characteristics.":[61],"To":[62],"overcome":[63],"these":[64],"barriers,":[65],"we":[66],"introduce":[67],"cross":[69],"method":[71,164,209,226],"more":[73],"accurately":[74],"recover":[75],"flow":[77,177,219],"information":[78,178],"using":[79],"InGaAs/InP":[80,84],"SPADs.":[81],"METHODS:":[82],"Two":[83],"SPAD":[85],"were":[87,117],"used":[88],"during":[90],"in":[91,94],"vitro":[92],"vivo":[95],"DCS":[96,229],"measurements.":[97],"Cross":[98],"photon":[102],"streams":[103],"each":[105,135],"detector":[106,132,141,156,200,205,239],"was":[107,127,143],"performed":[108,128,144,232],"calculate":[110],"function.":[113],"Detector":[114],"operating":[115,136,149,206],"parameters":[116,121],"varied":[118],"determine":[120,130],"which":[122,228],"maximized":[123],"SNR.State-space":[125],"modeling":[126],"characteristics":[133,142],"at":[134,233],"point.":[137],"RESULTS:":[138],"Evaluation":[139],"across":[145],"conditions.":[150],"Modeling":[151],"effects":[153],"on":[158],"function":[161],"provided":[162],"correct":[166],"distortion":[168],"curve,":[172],"yielding":[173],"accurate":[174,213],"recovery":[175],"as":[179],"confirmed":[180],"by":[181,227],"reference":[183],"detector.":[184],"CONCLUSION:":[185],"Through":[186],"combination":[188],"cross-correlation":[190],"signals":[193],"two":[195],"detectors,":[196],"model-based":[197],"characterization":[198],"response,":[201],"optimization":[203],"parameters,":[207],"estimation":[214],"true":[217],"index.":[220],"SIGNIFICANCE:":[221],"This":[222],"presents":[224],"can":[230],"be":[231],"with":[237],"existing":[238],"technology,":[240],"taking":[241],"advantage":[242],"increased":[245],"SNR.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-15T08:27:34.491423","created_date":"2021-12-06T00:00:00"}