{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3186794997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2021.3098734","title":"Design and <i>Ex Vivo</i> Experimental Validations of the CMOS 256-Pixel Photovoltaic-Powered Subretinal Prosthetic Chip With Auto-Adaptive Pixels for a Wide Image Illuminance Range","display_name":"Design and <i>Ex Vivo</i> Experimental Validations of the CMOS 256-Pixel Photovoltaic-Powered Subretinal Prosthetic Chip With Auto-Adaptive Pixels for a Wide Image Illuminance Range","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3186794997","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2021.3098734","mag":"3186794997","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34310283"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2021.3098734","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2021.3098734","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004841856","display_name":"Chung\u2010Yu Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9236-0809"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chung-Yu Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["A-Neuron Electronic Corp., Zhubei City, Taiwan","Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics, National Chiao Tung University, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan","A-Neuron Electronic Corp., Zhubei City, Taiwan; Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics, National Chiao Tung University, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9236-0809","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"A-Neuron Electronic Corp., Zhubei City, Taiwan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics, National Chiao Tung University, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"A-Neuron Electronic Corp., Zhubei City, Taiwan; Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics, National Chiao Tung University, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085445157","display_name":"Hsuan-Hung Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsuan-Hung Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics, National Chiao Tung University, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7383-1364","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics, National Chiao Tung University, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Po-Hung Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5456-0124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118292597","display_name":"National Taipei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00cn92c09","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Po-Hung Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics, National Chiao Tung University, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan","Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taiwan","National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5456-0124","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics, National Chiao Tung University, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048602474","display_name":"Chuan\u2010Chin Chiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9506-0230"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuan-Chin Chiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan","National Tsing Hua University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113956446","display_name":"Fang-Liang Chu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang-Liang Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan","National Tsing Hua University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Tsing Hua University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112420397","display_name":"Yueh-Chun Tsai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126485","display_name":"Quanta Computer (Taiwan)","ror":"https://ror.org/03d4fzd85","country_code":"TW","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126485"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yueh-Chun Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["A-Neuron Electronic Corp., Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"A-Neuron Electronic Corp., Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126485"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053449887","display_name":"Po\u2010Chun Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2844-3359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118292597","display_name":"National Taipei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00cn92c09","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99613584","display_name":"National Taipei University","ror":"https://ror.org/03e29r284","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99613584"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Po-Chun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics, National Chiao Tung University, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan","Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taiwan","National Taipei Univ of Tech"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics, National Chiao Tung University, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taipei Univ of Tech","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597","https://openalex.org/I99613584"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038412945","display_name":"Wen-Yuan Tsai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen-Yuan Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics, National Chiao Tung University, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics Engineering and Institute of Electronics, National Chiao Tung University, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110789892","display_name":"Ying-Hsuen Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184693016","display_name":"China Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/00v408z34","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184693016"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126829","display_name":"China Medical University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0368s4g32","country_code":"TW","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126829"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying-Hsuen Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taicgung City, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taicgung City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184693016","https://openalex.org/I4210126829"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049246708","display_name":"Chi-Kuan Tseng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4846-9567"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chi-Kuan Tseng","raw_affiliation_strings":["A-Neuron Electronic Corp., Zhubei City, Taiwan","NATIONAL YANG MING CHIAO TUNG UNIVERSITY"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4846-9567","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"A-Neuron Electronic Corp., Zhubei City, Taiwan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NATIONAL YANG MING CHIAO TUNG UNIVERSITY","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004841856"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.207,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.44731318,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"1","first_page":"482","last_page":"493"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/illuminance","display_name":"Illuminance","score":0.7860448360443115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5775167942047119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.5735358595848083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5270246267318726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.4440721869468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-sensor","display_name":"Image sensor","score":0.435800701379776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.35872000455856323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.33367621898651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.32265210151672363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.3169472813606262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2889110743999481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.27839165925979614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2088916301727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.19769951701164246}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36365805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194411","display_name":"Illuminance","level":2,"score":0.7860448360443115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5775167942047119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.5735358595848083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5270246267318726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.4440721869468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76935873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Image sensor","level":2,"score":0.435800701379776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.35872000455856323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.33367621898651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.32265210151672363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3169472813606262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2889110743999481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.27839165925979614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2088916301727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19769951701164246}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004566","descriptor_name":"Electrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004566","descriptor_name":"Electrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004566","descriptor_name":"Electrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019736","descriptor_name":"Prostheses and Implants","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019736","descriptor_name":"Prostheses and Implants","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019736","descriptor_name":"Prostheses and Implants","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2021.3098734","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2021.3098734","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34310283","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34310283","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.5}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967274843","https://openalex.org/W1972052893","https://openalex.org/W2011212189","https://openalex.org/W2017499943","https://openalex.org/W2027621607","https://openalex.org/W2033575923","https://openalex.org/W2063515779","https://openalex.org/W2067743654","https://openalex.org/W2084193319","https://openalex.org/W2107487004","https://openalex.org/W2145662372","https://openalex.org/W2157054973","https://openalex.org/W2790658700","https://openalex.org/W2972174589","https://openalex.org/W2982622853","https://openalex.org/W3006860701","https://openalex.org/W3012333184","https://openalex.org/W3047770094","https://openalex.org/W6683123430"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2043303332","https://openalex.org/W2315523031","https://openalex.org/W1530906264","https://openalex.org/W1555673276","https://openalex.org/W3174284207","https://openalex.org/W3144718689","https://openalex.org/W2913874388","https://openalex.org/W2095311321","https://openalex.org/W1965980235","https://openalex.org/W2122696164"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"To":[1],"design":[2],"and":[3,44,103,157,216],"verify":[4],"a":[5,239],"CMOS":[6],"256-pixel":[7],"photovoltaic-powered":[8],"subretinal":[9,189,224,236,243],"prosthetic":[10],"chip":[11,190,225,237],"with":[12,36,99],"key":[13,20],"advances":[14,21],"over":[15],"the":[16,54,69,77,113,128,158,187,220,234],"state-of-the-art.":[17],"The":[18,60,120,132,144,150,165,178,197],"three":[19],"are:":[22],"1)":[23],"automatic":[24,78],"adaptation":[25,79,200],"to":[26,52,67,80,111,126,141,175,202],"changing":[27,81],"background":[28,82,203],"illuminance":[29,83,138,204],"levels;":[30],"2)":[31],"increase":[32],"of":[33,56,136,168,180,195,199,222],"injection":[34,118],"charges":[35],"reduced":[37],"crosstalk":[38],"leakage":[39],"charges,":[40],"enhanced":[41],"charge":[42,122,147,161],"balance,":[43],"low":[45],"process":[46,201],"variations;":[47],"3)":[48],"stable":[49],"stimulation":[50,101,146,152,169],"voltage":[51],"keep":[53],"safety":[55],"water":[57],"window.":[58],"METHODS:":[59],"novel":[61],"auto-adaptive":[62],"pixel":[63],"circuit":[64],"is":[65,124,139,148,155,162,231,238],"designed":[66,110,125,223],"realize":[68],"Michealis":[70],"-":[71],"Menten":[72],"equation":[73],"(MME)":[74],"so":[75],"that":[76,186,233],"can":[84,191],"be":[85],"achieved.":[86],"Both":[87],"improved":[88,104],"biphasic":[89],"constant":[90,105],"current":[91,106,153],"stimulator":[92],"(CCS)":[93],"via":[94],"bi-directional":[95],"shared":[96],"electrodes":[97],"(BDSEs)":[98],"optimized":[100],"pattern":[102],"generator/ring":[107],"oscillator":[108],"are":[109,171],"achieve":[112,127],"above":[114],"second":[115],"advance":[116],"on":[117],"charges.":[119],"closed-loop":[121],"pump":[123],"third":[129],"advance.":[130],"RESULTS:":[131],"measured":[133,151,159,166],"dynamic":[134],"range":[135],"image":[137],"increased":[140],"54.7":[142],"dB.":[143],"maximum":[145],"8.89nC.":[149],"mismatch":[154],"1.7%":[156],"residual":[160],"0.150":[163],"nC.":[164],"variations":[167],"frequencies":[170],"from":[172],"26":[173],"Hz":[174],"29.7":[176],"Hz.":[177],"results":[179],"ex":[181,217],"vivo":[182,218],"tests":[183],"have":[184,226],"shown":[185,232],"proposed":[188,235],"evoke":[192],"spiking":[193],"responses":[194],"RGCs.":[196],"function":[198],"has":[205],"also":[206],"been":[207,227],"verified.":[208],"CONCLUSION":[209],"AND":[210],"SIGNIFICANCE:":[211],"Through":[212],"both":[213],"electrical":[214],"measurement":[215],"tests,":[219],"functions":[221],"validated":[228],"successfully.":[229],"It":[230],"promising":[240],"solution":[241],"for":[242],"prostheses.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2021-08-02T00:00:00"}
