{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3168755979","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2021.3087105","title":"Photoplethysmography Fast Upstroke Time Intervals Can Be Useful Features for Cuff-Less Measurement of Blood Pressure Changes in Humans","display_name":"Photoplethysmography Fast Upstroke Time Intervals Can Be Useful Features for Cuff-Less Measurement of Blood Pressure Changes in Humans","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3168755979","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2021.3087105","mag":"3168755979","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34097603"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2021.3087105","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2021.3087105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8782151","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068943422","display_name":"Keerthana Natarajan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9311-8192"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Keerthana Natarajan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9311-8192","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018284552","display_name":"Robert Block","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4525-7585"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5388228","display_name":"University of Rochester","ror":"https://ror.org/022kthw22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert C. Block","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5388228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038145562","display_name":"Mohammad Yavarimanesh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Yavarimanesh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021878181","display_name":"Anand Chandrasekhar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9541-8191"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anand Chandrasekhar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, USA","Microsystems Technology Laboratories, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsystems Technology Laboratories, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050189553","display_name":"Lalit K. Mestha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173498003","display_name":"Palo Alto Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0529fxt39","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173498003","https://openalex.org/I4210132870"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lalit K. Mestha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas, USA","Palo Alto Research Center East (a Xerox Company), USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Palo Alto Research Center East (a Xerox Company), USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173498003"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076927036","display_name":"Omer T. Inan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7952-1794"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omer T. Inan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7952-1794","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057276590","display_name":"Jin\u2010Oh Hahn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5429-2836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin-Oh Hahn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5429-2836","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076698656","display_name":"Ramakrishna Mukkamala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8918-4050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramakrishna Mukkamala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Bioengineering and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8918-4050","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Bioengineering and Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068943422"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6497,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93648704,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"1","first_page":"53","last_page":"62"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9753000140190125,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9753000140190125,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.008100000210106373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11700","display_name":"Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy","score":0.00559999980032444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoplethysmogram","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","score":0.8359071612358093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-pressure","display_name":"Blood pressure","score":0.636212944984436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","score":0.5314174294471741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cuff","display_name":"Cuff","score":0.5135655403137207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.37624549865722656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.34044086933135986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.1969803273677826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.14177674055099487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery","display_name":"Surgery","score":0.11563828587532043}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116390426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187885","display_name":"Photoplethysmogram","level":3,"score":0.8359071612358093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.636212944984436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5314174294471741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780017030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q368366","display_name":"Cuff","level":2,"score":0.5135655403137207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.37624549865722656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.34044086933135986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1969803273677826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.14177674055099487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.11563828587532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001794","descriptor_name":"Blood Pressure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001794","descriptor_name":"Blood Pressure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001794","descriptor_name":"Blood Pressure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001794","descriptor_name":"Blood Pressure","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001795","descriptor_name":"Blood Pressure Determination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001795","descriptor_name":"Blood Pressure Determination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001795","descriptor_name":"Blood Pressure Determination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001795","descriptor_name":"Blood Pressure Determination","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017156","descriptor_name":"Photoplethysmography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063177","descriptor_name":"Pulse Wave Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063177","descriptor_name":"Pulse Wave Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063177","descriptor_name":"Pulse Wave Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063177","descriptor_name":"Pulse Wave Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2021.3087105","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2021.3087105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34097603","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34097603","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8782151","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8782151","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8782151","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8782151","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8847217606","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U01EB018818","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337363","display_name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00372qc85"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969600128","https://openalex.org/W1981918735","https://openalex.org/W2034359682","https://openalex.org/W2043627252","https://openalex.org/W2050134733","https://openalex.org/W2110071287","https://openalex.org/W2112286252","https://openalex.org/W2121044470","https://openalex.org/W2294418644","https://openalex.org/W2344363084","https://openalex.org/W2431637923","https://openalex.org/W2486982215","https://openalex.org/W2758839352","https://openalex.org/W2781086988","https://openalex.org/W2903610377","https://openalex.org/W2942593628","https://openalex.org/W2952383525","https://openalex.org/W3005673673","https://openalex.org/W3008815204","https://openalex.org/W3089500187","https://openalex.org/W3089926590","https://openalex.org/W4234149791"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3031052312","https://openalex.org/W4389568370","https://openalex.org/W3032375762","https://openalex.org/W1995515455","https://openalex.org/W2080531066","https://openalex.org/W3108674512","https://openalex.org/W2067862553","https://openalex.org/W2777534421"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"Photoplethysmography":[1],"(PPG)":[2],"waveform":[3,42,116,156],"analysis":[4],"is":[5],"being":[6],"increasingly":[7],"investigated":[8],"for":[9,107],"continuous,":[10],"non-invasive,":[11],"and":[12,24,28,51,67,74,87,95,127,130,171,246],"cuff-less":[13,234],"blood":[14],"pressure":[15],"(BP)":[16],"measurement.":[17],"However,":[18],"the":[19,25,109,140,147,185,205,212],"efficacy":[20],"of":[21,146,191,211],"this":[22],"approach":[23],"useful":[26],"features":[27,43,157],"models":[29,39,106,149,152,193],"remain":[30],"largely":[31],"unclear.":[32],"The":[33,61,221],"objectives":[34],"were":[35,158],"to":[36,44,52,103,138,150,165],"develop":[37],"easy-to-understand":[38],"relating":[40],"PPG":[41,69,115,128,155,223],"BP":[45,57,78,111,141,187,207,235,248],"changes":[46,112],"(after":[47],"a":[48,251],"cuff":[49,77],"calibration)":[50],"determine":[53],"their":[54],"value":[55,232],"in":[56,153,233],"measurement":[58],"accuracy.":[59],"METHODS:":[60],"study":[62,239],"data":[63],"comprised":[64],"finger,":[65],"toe,":[66],"ear":[68,172],"waveforms,":[70],"an":[71],"ECG":[72,125],"waveform,":[73],"reference":[75,151,192,213],"manual":[76],"measurements":[79],"from":[80,113],"32":[81],"human":[82],"subjects":[83],"(25%":[84],"hypertensive)":[85],"before":[86],"after":[88],"slow":[89],"breathing,":[90],"mental":[91],"arithmetic,":[92],"cold":[93],"pressor,":[94],"nitroglycerin":[96],"administration.":[97],"Stepwise":[98],"linear":[99],"regression":[100],"was":[101,136],"employed":[102],"create":[104],"parsimonious":[105],"predicting":[108],"intervention-induced":[110],"popular":[114],"features,":[117],"pulse":[118,202],"arrival":[119],"time":[120,122,169,226],"(PAT,":[121],"delay":[123],"between":[124],"R-wave":[126],"foot),":[129],"subject":[131],"demographics.":[132],"Leave-one-subject-out":[133],"cross":[134],"validation":[135],"applied":[137],"compare":[139],"change":[142,188,208],"prediction":[143,189,209],"root-mean-squared-errors":[144],"(RMSEs)":[145],"resulting":[148],"which":[154],"excluded.":[159],"RESULTS:":[160],"Finger":[161],"b-time":[162],"(PPG":[163,174],"foot":[164],"minimum":[166],"second":[167],"derivative":[168],"interval)":[170],"\"STT\"":[173],"amplitude":[175],"divided":[176],"by":[177,194,215],"maximum":[178],"derivative),":[179],"when":[180],"combined":[181],"with":[182,201],"PAT,":[183],"reduced":[184,204],"systolic":[186],"RMSE":[190,210],"6-7%":[195],"(p":[196,217],"0.022).":[197],"Ear":[198],"STT":[199],"together":[200],"width":[203],"diastolic":[206],"model":[214],"13%":[216],"=":[218],"0.003).":[219],"CONCLUSION:":[220],"two":[222],"fast":[224],"upstroke":[225],"intervals":[227],"can":[228],"offer":[229],"some":[230],"added":[231],"trending.":[236],"SIGNIFICANCE:":[237],"This":[238],"offers":[240],"important":[241],"information":[242],"towards":[243],"achieving":[244],"non-invasive":[245],"passive":[247],"monitoring":[249],"without":[250],"cuff.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-13T08:25:38.343686","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
