{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3143303202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2021.3070867","title":"Electrical Characterization of the Tongue and the Soft Palate Using Lumped-Element Model for Intraoral Neuromodulation","display_name":"Electrical Characterization of the Tongue and the Soft Palate Using Lumped-Element Model for Intraoral Neuromodulation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3143303202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2021.3070867","mag":"3143303202","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33819145"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2021.3070867","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2021.3070867","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073211859","display_name":"Beomhee Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8672-4840"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Beomhee Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8672-4840","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068694453","display_name":"Saurabh Biswas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3844-980X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saurabh Biswas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078544925","display_name":"Hangue Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8641-2695"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hangue Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8641-2695","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073211859"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6213,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59779029,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"10","first_page":"3151","last_page":"3160"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tongue","display_name":"Tongue","score":0.7831859588623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-palate","display_name":"Soft palate","score":0.6903378963470459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-electrical-stimulation","display_name":"Functional electrical stimulation","score":0.529081404209137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulation","display_name":"Stimulation","score":0.46269139647483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4328695237636566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","score":0.431713342666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3525758981704712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2424589991569519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1807001233100891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.17584246397018433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.15527939796447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery","display_name":"Surgery","score":0.10929426550865173}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779744641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9614","display_name":"Tongue","level":2,"score":0.7831859588623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780742623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056395","display_name":"Soft palate","level":2,"score":0.6903378963470459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777766275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1327643","display_name":"Functional electrical stimulation","level":3,"score":0.529081404209137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.46269139647483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4328695237636566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.431713342666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3525758981704712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2424589991569519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1807001233100891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.17584246397018433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.15527939796447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.10929426550865173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004558","descriptor_name":"Electric Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010160","descriptor_name":"Palate, Soft","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010160","descriptor_name":"Palate, Soft","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010160","descriptor_name":"Palate, Soft","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014059","descriptor_name":"Tongue","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014059","descriptor_name":"Tongue","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014059","descriptor_name":"Tongue","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2021.3070867","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2021.3070867","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33819145","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33819145","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9888658","https://openalex.org/W28693363","https://openalex.org/W183260288","https://openalex.org/W356134370","https://openalex.org/W1854974761","https://openalex.org/W1870399051","https://openalex.org/W1963817693","https://openalex.org/W1966708318","https://openalex.org/W1970702008","https://openalex.org/W1979579721","https://openalex.org/W1979680904","https://openalex.org/W1989118286","https://openalex.org/W1997708349","https://openalex.org/W2021979118","https://openalex.org/W2022396758","https://openalex.org/W2022742412","https://openalex.org/W2023542620","https://openalex.org/W2046820813","https://openalex.org/W2048191418","https://openalex.org/W2049819540","https://openalex.org/W2051004303","https://openalex.org/W2057093422","https://openalex.org/W2077107286","https://openalex.org/W2082514378","https://openalex.org/W2094560080","https://openalex.org/W2108011803","https://openalex.org/W2108713065","https://openalex.org/W2110065276","https://openalex.org/W2114131313","https://openalex.org/W2117342413","https://openalex.org/W2126390573","https://openalex.org/W2129337231","https://openalex.org/W2129942174","https://openalex.org/W2134307143","https://openalex.org/W2144166148","https://openalex.org/W2144396367","https://openalex.org/W2146717124","https://openalex.org/W2155841476","https://openalex.org/W2156282185","https://openalex.org/W2157048347","https://openalex.org/W2157623997","https://openalex.org/W2157724818","https://openalex.org/W2159647504","https://openalex.org/W2167039966","https://openalex.org/W2170772745","https://openalex.org/W2171763892","https://openalex.org/W2172269986","https://openalex.org/W2199445414","https://openalex.org/W2288675614","https://openalex.org/W2332911779","https://openalex.org/W2394916334","https://openalex.org/W2400517300","https://openalex.org/W2407421298","https://openalex.org/W2470582822","https://openalex.org/W2499130578","https://openalex.org/W2520853024","https://openalex.org/W2528995536","https://openalex.org/W2535933146","https://openalex.org/W2543960085","https://openalex.org/W2556525543","https://openalex.org/W2581275085","https://openalex.org/W2604273080","https://openalex.org/W2770688710","https://openalex.org/W2886800005","https://openalex.org/W2889837212","https://openalex.org/W2892017909","https://openalex.org/W2900940252","https://openalex.org/W2945600913","https://openalex.org/W2946352597","https://openalex.org/W2946753800","https://openalex.org/W3000173119","https://openalex.org/W4231332578","https://openalex.org/W4234903595","https://openalex.org/W4235381134","https://openalex.org/W4238648450","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6607414098","https://openalex.org/W6684643413","https://openalex.org/W6687423085","https://openalex.org/W6754350272"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006496847","https://openalex.org/W2128390902","https://openalex.org/W2084636046","https://openalex.org/W2060002356","https://openalex.org/W2108707144","https://openalex.org/W2166875349","https://openalex.org/W3143303202","https://openalex.org/W4323021682","https://openalex.org/W2057447842","https://openalex.org/W3212947253"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Intraoral":[0],"functions":[1],"are":[2,47],"results":[3],"of":[4,61,92,143,149,182],"complex":[5],"and":[6,11,43,59,70,107,122,146,156,170,193],"well-orchestrated":[7],"sensorimotor":[8,38,52],"loop":[9,39],"operations,":[10],"therefore":[12],"vulnerable":[13],"to":[14,29,33,78,118],"small":[15],"functional":[16],"or":[17],"neural":[18,57],"defects.":[19],"To":[20],"secure":[21],"the":[22,36,44,68,71,80,83,87,138,144,150,164,168,171,175,183],"vital":[23],"intraoral":[24,37,51,62,84],"functions,":[25],"it":[26],"is":[27],"important":[28],"find":[30],"a":[31,75,100],"way":[32],"favorably":[34],"intervene":[35],"operations.":[40],"The":[41,178],"tongue":[42,69,139,169],"soft":[45,72,151,172],"palate":[46,73,152,173],"heavily":[48],"associated":[49],"with":[50,54,174],"loops,":[53],"their":[55],"dense":[56],"innervations":[58],"occupancy":[60],"space.":[63],"Therefore,":[64],"electrical":[65,88,105,124,165],"stimulation":[66,106,116],"onto":[67],"has":[74],"great":[76],"potential":[77],"solve":[79],"problems":[81],"in":[82],"functions.":[85],"However,":[86],"interface":[89,166],"for":[90,103,137],"both":[91],"them":[93],"have":[94],"not":[95],"been":[96],"characterized":[97,123],"yet":[98],"as":[99,153,188],"lumped-element":[101,129],"model,":[102],"designing":[104],"analyzing":[108],"its":[109],"effect.":[110],"In":[111],"this":[112],"study,":[113],"we":[114],"measured":[115],"thresholds":[117,136],"evoke":[119],"electrotactile":[120],"feedback":[121],"impedance":[125],"across":[126,167],"electrodes":[127],"using":[128],"models.":[130],"We":[131],"found":[132,187],"that":[133],"average":[134,179],"perception/discomfort":[135],"tip,":[140],"lateral-inferior":[141],"side":[142,148],"tongue,":[145],"anterolateral":[147],"0.18/1.31,":[154],"0.37/3.99,":[155],"1.19/7.55":[157],"mA,":[158],"respectively.":[159],"An":[160],"R-C-R-R-C":[161,184],"model":[162,185],"represented":[163],"highest":[176],"accuracy.":[177],"component":[180],"values":[181],"were":[186],"2.72k\u03a9,":[189],"45.25nF,":[190],"1.27k\u03a9,":[191],"22.09G\u03a9,":[192],"53.00nF,":[194],"on":[195],"average.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
