{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3128178668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2021.3056526","title":"Mapping Cell Viability Quantitatively and Independently From Cell Density in 3D Gels Noninvasively","display_name":"Mapping Cell Viability Quantitatively and Independently From Cell Density in 3D Gels Noninvasively","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3128178668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2021.3056526","mag":"3128178668","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33531296"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2021.3056526","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2021.3056526","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8326301","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082713496","display_name":"Brian J. Archer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5185-2495"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brian J. Archer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5185-2495","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059378876","display_name":"Julia J. Mack","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9239-8436"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julia J. Mack","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9239-8436","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052881472","display_name":"Sara Acosta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3687-7424"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sara Acosta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3687-7424","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066937846","display_name":"Russell Nakasone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4444-1313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Russell Nakasone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4444-1313","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037019264","display_name":"Fadi Dahoud","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fadi Dahoud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088446841","display_name":"Khalid Youssef","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4429-367X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282927834","display_name":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02pammg90","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282927834"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khalid Youssef","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4429-367X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282927834"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087170675","display_name":"Abraham Goldstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9349-0621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abraham Goldstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083166577","display_name":"Amichai Goldsman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1770-1519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amichai Goldsman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1770-1519","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038701648","display_name":"Mathias Held","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0622-1464"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mathias C. Held","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, Chemical Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0622-1464","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Chemical Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069038650","display_name":"Martin Wiese","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Wiese","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, Chemical Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Chemical Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111476317","display_name":"Bernhard Bl\u00fcmich","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernhard Blumich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1152-4438","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031459065","display_name":"Matthias We\u00dfling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7874-5315"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Wessling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, Chemical Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Chemical Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068110288","display_name":"Meike Emondts","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-0593"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meike Emondts","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069131051","display_name":"J\u00fcrgen Klankermayer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2143-9402"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887968799","display_name":"RWTH Aachen University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xfq0f34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jurgen Klankermayer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887968799"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064268987","display_name":"M. Luisa Iruela\u2010Arispe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3050-4168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Luisa Iruela-Arispe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053925403","display_name":"Louis\u2010S. Bouchard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4151-5628"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Louis-S. Bouchard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4151-5628","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":16,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082713496"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01026261,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"10","first_page":"2940","last_page":"2947"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11190","display_name":"3D Printing in Biomedical Research","score":0.5364000201225281,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11190","display_name":"3D Printing in Biomedical Research","score":0.5364000201225281,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11663","display_name":"Viral Infectious Diseases and Gene Expression in Insects","score":0.10729999840259552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11407","display_name":"Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation","score":0.06040000170469284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viability-assay","display_name":"Viability assay","score":0.8430311679840088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell","display_name":"Cell","score":0.5075575113296509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioreactor","display_name":"Bioreactor","score":0.4931592345237732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomanufacturing","display_name":"Biomanufacturing","score":0.4870331883430481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.46889251470565796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetization-transfer","display_name":"Magnetization transfer","score":0.44893890619277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4363614320755005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","score":0.42000871896743774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.2694765329360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.20007631182670593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-resonance-imaging","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","score":0.10593661665916443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09631025791168213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.09110721945762634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biochemistry","display_name":"Biochemistry","score":0.09091523289680481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biotechnology","display_name":"Biotechnology","score":0.09065166115760803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53227056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189152","display_name":"Viability assay","level":3,"score":0.8430311679840088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.5075575113296509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168170006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864699","display_name":"Bioreactor","level":2,"score":0.4931592345237732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775893736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25324110","display_name":"Biomanufacturing","level":2,"score":0.4870331883430481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.46889251470565796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27826641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6731637","display_name":"Magnetization transfer","level":3,"score":0.44893890619277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4363614320755005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.42000871896743774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2694765329360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.20007631182670593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.10593661665916443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09631025791168213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.09110721945762634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.09091523289680481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.09065166115760803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002452","descriptor_name":"Cell Count","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002452","descriptor_name":"Cell Count","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002452","descriptor_name":"Cell Count","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002452","descriptor_name":"Cell Count","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002470","descriptor_name":"Cell Survival","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002470","descriptor_name":"Cell Survival","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002470","descriptor_name":"Cell Survival","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002470","descriptor_name":"Cell Survival","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009682","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009682","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009682","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009682","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020100","descriptor_name":"Hydrogels","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020100","descriptor_name":"Hydrogels","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020100","descriptor_name":"Hydrogels","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020100","descriptor_name":"Hydrogels","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2021.3056526","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2021.3056526","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33531296","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33531296","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8326301","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8326301","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8326301","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8326301","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320875","display_name":"Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst","ror":"https://ror.org/039djdh30"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337338","display_name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/012pb6c26"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W138963122","https://openalex.org/W1003853626","https://openalex.org/W1589451590","https://openalex.org/W1904291414","https://openalex.org/W1972991376","https://openalex.org/W1986472056","https://openalex.org/W1995399281","https://openalex.org/W1997188535","https://openalex.org/W1997600195","https://openalex.org/W2008483626","https://openalex.org/W2013564442","https://openalex.org/W2014331755","https://openalex.org/W2017933173","https://openalex.org/W2023634218","https://openalex.org/W2031681990","https://openalex.org/W2041136138","https://openalex.org/W2046708241","https://openalex.org/W2051777223","https://openalex.org/W2059015479","https://openalex.org/W2061770468","https://openalex.org/W2064274930","https://openalex.org/W2066489861","https://openalex.org/W2066520774","https://openalex.org/W2076518011","https://openalex.org/W2091118986","https://openalex.org/W2093405650","https://openalex.org/W2094636057","https://openalex.org/W2107915383","https://openalex.org/W2110378444","https://openalex.org/W2116760784","https://openalex.org/W2127855015","https://openalex.org/W2150148667","https://openalex.org/W2158060338","https://openalex.org/W2161947705","https://openalex.org/W2168392325","https://openalex.org/W2254316935","https://openalex.org/W2256578114","https://openalex.org/W2294360179","https://openalex.org/W2318802957","https://openalex.org/W2340352849","https://openalex.org/W2557258007","https://openalex.org/W2753277897","https://openalex.org/W2883325888","https://openalex.org/W2965908777","https://openalex.org/W4230982340","https://openalex.org/W6605626001","https://openalex.org/W6684931787"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4327518172","https://openalex.org/W4294877544","https://openalex.org/W2490890447","https://openalex.org/W1548847100","https://openalex.org/W3124031114","https://openalex.org/W4295442981","https://openalex.org/W4283782326","https://openalex.org/W2603195643","https://openalex.org/W3014735060","https://openalex.org/W4386695942"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"<italic":[0,74,129,201,222],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[1,75,90,130,153,160,166,172,177,185,191,197,202,223],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Objective:</i>":[2],"In":[3],"biomanufacturing":[4],"there":[5],"is":[6],"a":[7,62,110,208],"need":[8],"for":[9,54,235],"quantitative":[10],"methods":[11],"to":[12,21,43,68,101,150],"map":[13,69],"cell":[14,33,66,70,80,105,115,142,146,213,239],"viability":[15,57,81,108,116,214],"and":[16,24,72,82,97,107,117,144,175,215,237],"density":[17,34,67,83,106,118,143,147,217],"inside":[18],"3D":[19],"bioreactors":[20],"assess":[22],"health":[23],"proliferation":[25],"over":[26],"time.":[27],"Recently,":[28],"noninvasive":[29,209],"MRI":[30],"readouts":[31,230],"of":[32,41,58,79,103,114,137,140,211],"have":[35],"been":[36],"achieved.":[37],"However,":[38],"the":[39,56,88,135],"ratio":[40],"live":[42],"dead":[44],"cells":[45,59,158,183],"was":[46,84],"not":[47],"varied.":[48],"Herein":[49],"we":[50],"present":[51],"an":[52],"approach":[53],"measuring":[55],"embedded":[60],"in":[61,241],"hydrogel":[63],"independently":[64],"from":[65],"number":[71,216],"health.":[73],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Methods:</i>":[76],"Independent":[77],"quantification":[78],"achieved":[85],"by":[86,121,125],"calibrating":[87],"<inline-formula":[89,152,159,165,171,176,184,190,196],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[91,154,161,167,173,178,186,192,198],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\boldsymbol{^1}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[92],"H":[93],"magnetization":[94],"transfer-":[95],"(MT)":[96],"diffusion-weighted":[98],"NMR":[99,123],"signals":[100],"samples":[102],"known":[104],"using":[109],"multivariate":[111],"approach.":[112],"Maps":[113],"were":[119,148],"generated":[120],"weighting":[122],"images":[124],"these":[126],"parameters":[127],"post-calibration.":[128],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Results:</i>":[131],"Using":[132],"this":[133],"method,":[134],"limits":[136],"detection":[138],"(LODs)":[139],"total":[141],"viable":[145,182],"found":[149],"be":[151],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\boldsymbol{3.88":[155],"\\times":[156,180],"10^{8}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[157],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\boldsymbol{\\cdot":[162,187],"}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[163,169,188,194],"mL":[164,189],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\boldsymbol{^{-1}\\cdot":[168,193],"Hz":[170,195],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\boldsymbol{^{-1/2}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[174,199],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\boldsymbol{2.36":[179],"10^{9}}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[181],"respectively.":[200],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Conclusion:</i>":[203],"This":[204],"mapping":[205],"technique":[206],"provides":[207],"means":[210],"visualizing":[212],"within":[218],"optically":[219],"opaque":[220],"bioreactors.":[221,242],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Significance:</i>":[224],"We":[225],"anticipate":[226],"that":[227],"such":[228],"nondestructive":[229],"will":[231],"provide":[232],"valuable":[233],"feedback":[234],"monitoring":[236],"controlling":[238],"populations":[240]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-16T08:24:45.110214","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}