{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3121789984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2021.3054828","title":"Gesture Recognition in Robotic Surgery: A Review","display_name":"Gesture Recognition in Robotic Surgery: A Review","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3121789984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2021.3054828","mag":"3121789984","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33497324"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2021.3054828","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2021.3054828","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.00027","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026519194","display_name":"Beatrice van Amsterdam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2279-752X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122016","display_name":"Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03r42r570","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I1299528221","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4210122016","https://openalex.org/I45129253","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beatrice van Amsterdam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS), University College London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2279-752X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS), University College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122016","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001311980","display_name":"Matthew J. Clarkson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5565-1252"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew J. Clarkson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5565-1252","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077630267","display_name":"Danail Stoyanov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0980-3227"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danail Stoyanov","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0980-3227","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":21.0423,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":156,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99708173,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"6","first_page":"2021","last_page":"2035"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10916","display_name":"Surgical Simulation and Training","score":0.7408999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10916","display_name":"Surgical Simulation and Training","score":0.7408999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.07069999724626541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10562","display_name":"Total Knee Arthroplasty Outcomes","score":0.02290000021457672,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.769248902797699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.7189862728118896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.7111588716506958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6483378410339355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture-recognition","display_name":"Gesture recognition","score":0.627143383026123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5297057628631592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4900907278060913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.4700659215450287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.46913453936576843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parsing","display_name":"Parsing","score":0.46561217308044434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4398864507675171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-research","display_name":"Open research","score":0.41157203912734985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3201635777950287}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.769248902797699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.7189862728118896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.7111588716506958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6483378410339355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159437735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519524","display_name":"Gesture recognition","level":3,"score":0.627143383026123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5297057628631592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4900907278060913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.4700659215450287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.46913453936576843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186644900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194152","display_name":"Parsing","level":2,"score":0.46561217308044434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4398864507675171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778464652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309849","display_name":"Open research","level":2,"score":0.41157203912734985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3201635777950287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D005868","descriptor_name":"Gestures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005868","descriptor_name":"Gestures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005868","descriptor_name":"Gestures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D065287","descriptor_name":"Robotic Surgical Procedures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D065287","descriptor_name":"Robotic Surgical Procedures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D065287","descriptor_name":"Robotic Surgical Procedures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2021.3054828","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2021.3054828","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33497324","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33497324","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2102.00027","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2102.00027","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.00027","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10121094","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10121094/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"   IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering       (2021)     (In press).  ","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2102.00027","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2102.00027","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.00027","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6800000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1320193412","display_name":"Robotic Assisted Imaging","funder_award_id":"EP/P012841/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1737217355","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/P012841/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4869842313","display_name":"Multispectral polarization-resolved endoscopy and vision for intraoperative imaging of tissue microstructure and function","funder_award_id":"EP/R004080/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5045553067","display_name":"Ultra-low-cost endoscopy for gastric cancer screening in rural China","funder_award_id":"EP/P027938/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6200111879","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"203145Z/16/Z","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6923427940","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R004080/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","display_name":"Wellcome Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330765","display_name":"Wellcome / EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03r42r570"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":117,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W100441416","https://openalex.org/W593558681","https://openalex.org/W1522734439","https://openalex.org/W1535456295","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1953678742","https://openalex.org/W2016545368","https://openalex.org/W2018421200","https://openalex.org/W2028030859","https://openalex.org/W2029294400","https://openalex.org/W2076834588","https://openalex.org/W2083088729","https://openalex.org/W2097540174","https://openalex.org/W2127519446","https://openalex.org/W2129999749","https://openalex.org/W2145081273","https://openalex.org/W2155336606","https://openalex.org/W2222269984","https://openalex.org/W2266464013","https://openalex.org/W2296146598","https://openalex.org/W2395304606","https://openalex.org/W2399310610","https://openalex.org/W2409989866","https://openalex.org/W2413983136","https://openalex.org/W2415633882","https://openalex.org/W2464444231","https://openalex.org/W2470175425","https://openalex.org/W2491875666","https://openalex.org/W2510642588","https://openalex.org/W2518293683","https://openalex.org/W2521298290","https://openalex.org/W2550143307","https://openalex.org/W2565597243","https://openalex.org/W2568518337","https://openalex.org/W2580456502","https://openalex.org/W2605016475","https://openalex.org/W2606777080","https://openalex.org/W2618009704","https://openalex.org/W2728151057","https://openalex.org/W2736730521","https://openalex.org/W2785311278","https://openalex.org/W2799262584","https://openalex.org/W2803366060","https://openalex.org/W2804845319","https://openalex.org/W2893473994","https://openalex.org/W2902264751","https://openalex.org/W2910787237","https://openalex.org/W2919047637","https://openalex.org/W2919658942","https://openalex.org/W2921303908","https://openalex.org/W2925576064","https://openalex.org/W2936086298","https://openalex.org/W2940612399","https://openalex.org/W2943800384","https://openalex.org/W2944240157","https://openalex.org/W2946822693","https://openalex.org/W2952363938","https://openalex.org/W2962835968","https://openalex.org/W2962836302","https://openalex.org/W2964066956","https://openalex.org/W2964273387","https://openalex.org/W2968756967","https://openalex.org/W2969060758","https://openalex.org/W2969147026","https://openalex.org/W2969892864","https://openalex.org/W2970662571","https://openalex.org/W2979374155","https://openalex.org/W2980110287","https://openalex.org/W2980216307","https://openalex.org/W2982426631","https://openalex.org/W2984648855","https://openalex.org/W3000214625","https://openalex.org/W3000506629","https://openalex.org/W3003853839","https://openalex.org/W3003920406","https://openalex.org/W3003957541","https://openalex.org/W3004880962","https://openalex.org/W3034177133","https://openalex.org/W3046777924","https://openalex.org/W3087831331","https://openalex.org/W3090581617","https://openalex.org/W3090715080","https://openalex.org/W3090743551","https://openalex.org/W3090913119","https://openalex.org/W3091747220","https://openalex.org/W3091935435","https://openalex.org/W3110677656","https://openalex.org/W3128773373","https://openalex.org/W3129607598","https://openalex.org/W3176125528","https://openalex.org/W3194032101","https://openalex.org/W3195782073","https://openalex.org/W4206192903","https://openalex.org/W4212965831","https://openalex.org/W4231173882","https://openalex.org/W4243781580","https://openalex.org/W4287758542","https://openalex.org/W4390474851","https://openalex.org/W6604048829","https://openalex.org/W6631456553","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6679502496","https://openalex.org/W6719263985","https://openalex.org/W6736050541","https://openalex.org/W6738279089","https://openalex.org/W6748402830","https://openalex.org/W6751703357","https://openalex.org/W6756515790","https://openalex.org/W6758496309","https://openalex.org/W6760346383","https://openalex.org/W6761499557","https://openalex.org/W6763228686","https://openalex.org/W6773086652","https://openalex.org/W6773511083","https://openalex.org/W6790480902","https://openalex.org/W6800317752","https://openalex.org/W6800902763"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2152075398","https://openalex.org/W2902873204","https://openalex.org/W2185750513","https://openalex.org/W2010878661","https://openalex.org/W3147379364","https://openalex.org/W2026258298","https://openalex.org/W3204639664","https://openalex.org/W2970836791","https://openalex.org/W2805039731","https://openalex.org/W2989699735"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"Surgical":[1],"activity":[2],"recognition":[3,20,236],"is":[4,108,165,227],"a":[5,228],"fundamental":[6],"step":[7],"in":[8,16,24,118],"computer-assisted":[9],"interventions.":[10],"This":[11,225],"paper":[12,226],"reviews":[13],"the":[14,34,52,75,113,119,150,195,241],"state-of-the-art":[15],"methods":[17,144,237],"for":[18,80,90,167,174,181,197],"automatic":[19],"of":[21,77,100,115,156,162,171,219,233,243],"fine-grained":[22],"gestures":[23],"robotic":[25],"surgery":[26],"focusing":[27],"on":[28,47,74,138],"recent":[29],"data-driven":[30],"approaches":[31],"and":[32,37,82,94,130,158,169,185,190,199,217,222,230],"outlines":[33],"open":[35],"questions":[36],"future":[38,212],"research":[39,106,213],"directions.":[40],"METHODS:":[41],"An":[42],"article":[43],"search":[44,54],"was":[45],"performed":[46],"5":[48],"bibliographic":[49],"databases":[50],"with":[51,112,126],"following":[53],"terms:":[55],"robotic,":[56],"robot-assisted,":[57],"JIGSAWS,":[58],"surgery,":[59],"surgical,":[60],"gesture,":[61],"fine-grained,":[62],"surgeme,":[63],"action,":[64],"trajectory,":[65],"segmentation,":[66],"recognition,":[67],"parsing.":[68],"Selected":[69],"articles":[70,102,116],"were":[71,103],"classified":[72],"based":[73],"level":[76],"supervision":[78],"required":[79],"training":[81],"divided":[83],"into":[84],"different":[85],"groups":[86],"representing":[87],"major":[88],"frameworks":[89],"time":[91],"series":[92],"analysis":[93,232],"data":[95,132,198],"modelling.":[96],"RESULTS:":[97],"A":[98],"total":[99],"52":[101],"reviewed.":[104],"The":[105,154],"field":[107],"showing":[109],"rapid":[110],"expansion,":[111],"majority":[114],"published":[117],"last":[120],"4":[121],"years.":[122],"Deep-learning-based":[123],"temporal":[124],"models":[125],"discriminative":[127,182],"feature":[128,183],"extraction":[129,184],"multi-modal":[131],"integration":[133],"have":[134,202],"demonstrated":[135,206],"promising":[136],"results":[137],"small":[139],"surgical":[140,175,234],"datasets.":[141],"Currently,":[142],"unsupervised":[143,189],"perform":[145],"significantly":[146],"less":[147],"well":[148],"than":[149],"supervised":[151],"approaches.":[152],"CONCLUSION:":[153],"development":[155,168],"large":[157],"diverse":[159],"open-source":[160],"datasets":[161],"annotated":[163],"demonstrations":[164],"essential":[166],"validation":[170],"robust":[172],"solutions":[173],"gesture":[176,235],"recognition.":[177],"While":[178],"new":[179],"strategies":[180],"knowledge":[186],"transfer,":[187],"or":[188],"semi-supervised":[191],"approaches,":[192],"can":[193],"mitigate":[194],"need":[196],"labels,":[200],"they":[201],"not":[203],"yet":[204],"been":[205],"to":[207,239],"achieve":[208],"comparable":[209],"performance.":[210],"Important":[211],"directions":[214],"include":[215],"detection":[216],"forecast":[218],"gesture-specific":[220],"errors":[221],"anomalies.":[223],"SIGNIFICANCE:":[224],"comprehensive":[229],"structured":[231],"aiming":[238],"summarize":[240],"status":[242],"this":[244],"rapidly":[245],"evolving":[246],"field.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}