{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3125467380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2021.3054564","title":"Closed-Loop Plantar Cutaneous Augmentation by Electrical Nerve Stimulation Increases Ankle Plantarflexion During Treadmill Walking","display_name":"Closed-Loop Plantar Cutaneous Augmentation by Electrical Nerve Stimulation Increases Ankle Plantarflexion During Treadmill Walking","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3125467380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2021.3054564","mag":"3125467380","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33497323"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2021.3054564","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2021.3054564","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013829393","display_name":"Ahnsei Shon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9474-0744"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ahnsei Shon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Multidisciplinary Engineering, Texas A&M University, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9474-0744","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Multidisciplinary Engineering, Texas A&M University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047261720","display_name":"Kiralyn Brakel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kiralyn Brakel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045152862","display_name":"Michelle A. Hook","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8709-936X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michelle Hook","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8709-936X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078544925","display_name":"Hangue Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8641-2695"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hangue Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8641-2695","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013829393"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6797,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64349776,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"9","first_page":"2798","last_page":"2809"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10925","display_name":"Spinal Cord Injury Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11097","display_name":"Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ankle","display_name":"Ankle","score":0.8472156524658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulation","display_name":"Stimulation","score":0.6711987257003784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treadmill","display_name":"Treadmill","score":0.654524564743042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.5905693769454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.5861594676971436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait","display_name":"Gait","score":0.4800235331058502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-electrical-stimulation","display_name":"Functional electrical stimulation","score":0.433554470539093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-therapy","display_name":"Physical therapy","score":0.2934145927429199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anatomy","display_name":"Anatomy","score":0.24480527639389038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.12190079689025879}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778640784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168002","display_name":"Ankle","level":2,"score":0.8472156524658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.6711987257003784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781464450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839144","display_name":"Treadmill","level":2,"score":0.654524564743042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.5905693769454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5861594676971436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151800584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370000","display_name":"Gait","level":2,"score":0.4800235331058502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777766275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1327643","display_name":"Functional electrical stimulation","level":3,"score":0.433554470539093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.2934145927429199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.24480527639389038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.12190079689025879}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000842","descriptor_name":"Ankle","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000842","descriptor_name":"Ankle","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000842","descriptor_name":"Ankle","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000843","descriptor_name":"Ankle Joint","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000843","descriptor_name":"Ankle Joint","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000843","descriptor_name":"Ankle Joint","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005684","descriptor_name":"Gait","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005684","descriptor_name":"Gait","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005684","descriptor_name":"Gait","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016138","descriptor_name":"Walking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016138","descriptor_name":"Walking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016138","descriptor_name":"Walking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2021.3054564","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2021.3054564","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33497323","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33497323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307352","display_name":"Morton Cure Paralysis Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/03qvxfj12"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":81,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W50139848","https://openalex.org/W1543364451","https://openalex.org/W1576717181","https://openalex.org/W1866744794","https://openalex.org/W1933528335","https://openalex.org/W1967569186","https://openalex.org/W1978146306","https://openalex.org/W1985559627","https://openalex.org/W1989053133","https://openalex.org/W1995336319","https://openalex.org/W1997097100","https://openalex.org/W1998384354","https://openalex.org/W2000013699","https://openalex.org/W2003918078","https://openalex.org/W2006071157","https://openalex.org/W2007769909","https://openalex.org/W2014873712","https://openalex.org/W2014973271","https://openalex.org/W2026031913","https://openalex.org/W2026907808","https://openalex.org/W2032750300","https://openalex.org/W2044951073","https://openalex.org/W2053186023","https://openalex.org/W2053804380","https://openalex.org/W2054272337","https://openalex.org/W2059530986","https://openalex.org/W2060673393","https://openalex.org/W2064257383","https://openalex.org/W2073205720","https://openalex.org/W2080137391","https://openalex.org/W2084040901","https://openalex.org/W2084556261","https://openalex.org/W2087639557","https://openalex.org/W2105844768","https://openalex.org/W2106332413","https://openalex.org/W2112573938","https://openalex.org/W2113386433","https://openalex.org/W2118170626","https://openalex.org/W2118177844","https://openalex.org/W2121290855","https://openalex.org/W2126918678","https://openalex.org/W2127848619","https://openalex.org/W2131052630","https://openalex.org/W2131123536","https://openalex.org/W2132600856","https://openalex.org/W2134705330","https://openalex.org/W2141974690","https://openalex.org/W2142114107","https://openalex.org/W2147809815","https://openalex.org/W2160294605","https://openalex.org/W2163186441","https://openalex.org/W2168183460","https://openalex.org/W2181499459","https://openalex.org/W2196314719","https://openalex.org/W2400517300","https://openalex.org/W2557560424","https://openalex.org/W2761602135","https://openalex.org/W2779589467","https://openalex.org/W2789648132","https://openalex.org/W2803508364","https://openalex.org/W2804808781","https://openalex.org/W2810817700","https://openalex.org/W2892017909","https://openalex.org/W2892074957","https://openalex.org/W2898429451","https://openalex.org/W2898777639","https://openalex.org/W2905338839","https://openalex.org/W2945234983","https://openalex.org/W2945600913","https://openalex.org/W2946352597","https://openalex.org/W2959173243","https://openalex.org/W2968677915","https://openalex.org/W2969549923","https://openalex.org/W2972339980","https://openalex.org/W2990976202","https://openalex.org/W2997150358","https://openalex.org/W3011473076","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300666783","https://openalex.org/W6754350272","https://openalex.org/W6771903172"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2092556685","https://openalex.org/W1989142914","https://openalex.org/W3178597409","https://openalex.org/W3210324261","https://openalex.org/W2078425554","https://openalex.org/W3112016203","https://openalex.org/W2000202524","https://openalex.org/W2993534708","https://openalex.org/W2025865828","https://openalex.org/W4223536368"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ankle":[0],"plantarflexion":[1,42],"plays":[2],"an":[3],"important":[4],"role":[5],"in":[6,203,227,247],"forward":[7],"propulsion":[8],"and":[9,24,61,67,133,143,191,196],"anterior-posterior":[10],"balance":[11],"during":[12,43,125,159],"locomotion.":[13],"This":[14],"component":[15],"of":[16,128,131,162,165],"gait":[17,178,229,248],"is":[18],"often":[19],"critically":[20],"impacted":[21],"by":[22,116,170,194,211],"neurotraumas":[23],"neurological":[25],"diseases.":[26],"We":[27],"hypothesized":[28],"that":[29,237],"augmenting":[30],"plantar":[31,101],"cutaneous":[32,102,173],"feedback,":[33],"via":[34],"closed-loop":[35,64],"distal-tibial":[36,77],"nerve":[37],"stimulation,":[38],"could":[39],"increase":[40],"ankle":[41,120,147,234],"walking.":[44],"To":[45],"test":[46],"the":[47,84,92,126,160,212,215,241],"hypothesis,":[48],"one":[49],"intact":[50],"rat":[51],"walked":[52],"on":[53,80,111],"a":[54,201,222],"motorized":[55],"treadmill":[56],"with":[57,91],"implanted":[58],"electronic":[59],"device":[60],"electrodes":[62],"for":[63,243],"neural":[65],"recording":[66],"stimulation.":[68,117,213],"Constant-current":[69],"biphasic":[70],"electrical":[71],"pulse":[72],"train":[73],"was":[74,104,136,152,184,208,225],"applied":[75],"to":[76,88,99,141,157,189,200],"nerve,":[78],"based":[79,110],"electromyogram":[81],"recorded":[82],"from":[83,138,154,186],"medial":[85],"gastrocnemius":[86],"muscle,":[87],"be":[89],"timed":[90],"stance":[93],"phase.":[94],"The":[95,118,145],"stimulation":[96,129,163,220,239],"current":[97],"threshold":[98],"evoke":[100],"feedback":[103],"set":[105],"at":[106,123,150],"30":[107],"\u03bcA":[108],"(1\u00b7T),":[109],"compound":[112],"action":[113],"potential":[114,242],"evoked":[115],"maximum":[119],"joint":[121,148],"angle":[122,149],"plantarflexion,":[124,235],"application":[127,161],"currents":[130,164],"3.3\u00b7T":[132,195],"6.6\u00b7T,":[134,197],"respectively,":[135,193],"increased":[137,185],"149.4\u00b0":[139],"(baseline)":[140,156,188],"165.4\u00b0":[142],"161.6\u00b0.":[144],"minimum":[146],"dorsiflexion":[151],"decreased":[153,210],"59.4\u00b0":[155],"53.1\u00b0,":[158],"3.3\u00b7T,":[166],"but":[167],"not":[168],"changed":[169,176],"6.6\u00b7T.":[171],"Plantar":[172],"augmentation":[174],"also":[175],"other":[177],"kinematic":[179],"parameters.":[180],"Stance":[181],"duty":[182],"factor":[183],"51.9%":[187],"65.7%":[190],"64.0%,":[192],"primarily":[198],"due":[199],"decrease":[202],"swing":[204],"duration.":[205],"Cycle":[206],"duration":[207],"consistently":[209],"In":[214],"control":[216],"trial":[217],"after":[218],"two":[219],"trials,":[221],"strong":[223],"after-effect":[224],"detected":[226],"overall":[228],"kinematics":[230],"as":[231,233],"well":[232],"suggesting":[236],"this":[238],"has":[240],"producing":[244],"long-term":[245],"changes":[246],"kinematics.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
