{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3004988937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2020.2971855","title":"The Impact of ACL Laxity on a Bicondylar Robotic Knee and Implications in Human Joint Biomechanics","display_name":"The Impact of ACL Laxity on a Bicondylar Robotic Knee and Implications in Human Joint Biomechanics","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3004988937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2020.2971855","mag":"3004988937","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32031928"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2020.2971855","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2020.2971855","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026333465","display_name":"Felix Russell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2729-7847"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felix Russell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomechatronics Lab, Imperial College London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2729-7847","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomechatronics Lab, Imperial College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036281885","display_name":"Petar Kormushev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6677-3044"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089887","display_name":"Dyson (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/00a4npp83","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089887"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petar Kormushev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robot Intelligence Lab at the Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6677-3044","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robot Intelligence Lab at the Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984","https://openalex.org/I4210089887"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043916064","display_name":"Ravi Vaidyanathan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9625-4544"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ravi Vaidyanathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biomechatronics Lab, Imperial College London"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9625-4544","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biomechatronics Lab, Imperial College London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084876496","display_name":"Peter Ellison","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3741-8219"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800740805","display_name":"Haukeland University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03np4e098","country_code":"NO","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800740805"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4432739","display_name":"University of Bergen","ror":"https://ror.org/03zga2b32","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Ellison","raw_affiliation_strings":["Haukeland University Hospital","University of Bergen both in Bergen"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3741-8219","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Haukeland University Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800740805"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bergen both in Bergen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4439,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81029112,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"10","first_page":"2817","last_page":"2827"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10562","display_name":"Total Knee Arthroplasty Outcomes","score":0.5178999900817871,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10562","display_name":"Total Knee Arthroplasty Outcomes","score":0.5178999900817871,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10442","display_name":"Knee injuries and reconstruction techniques","score":0.2637999951839447,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.16859999299049377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomechanics","display_name":"Biomechanics","score":0.7456292510032654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anterior-cruciate-ligament","display_name":"Anterior cruciate ligament","score":0.6805421710014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knee-joint","display_name":"Knee Joint","score":0.6634091734886169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sagittal-plane","display_name":"Sagittal plane","score":0.5967737436294556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patella","display_name":"Patella","score":0.4841778576374054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ligament","display_name":"Ligament","score":0.4778708815574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/squat","display_name":"Squat","score":0.47783970832824707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medial-collateral-ligament","display_name":"Medial collateral ligament","score":0.4687134623527527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/condyle","display_name":"Condyle","score":0.44276049733161926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/squatting-position","display_name":"Squatting position","score":0.4288380742073059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stiffness","display_name":"Stiffness","score":0.417802631855011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41754886507987976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/posterior-cruciate-ligament","display_name":"Posterior cruciate ligament","score":0.41339343786239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthodontics","display_name":"Orthodontics","score":0.3661133348941803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","score":0.3552347421646118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.27697083353996277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2692638635635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2657403349876404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anatomy","display_name":"Anatomy","score":0.238462895154953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.19738325476646423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery","display_name":"Surgery","score":0.12757116556167603}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170700871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193378","display_name":"Biomechanics","level":2,"score":0.7456292510032654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778434673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q611127","display_name":"Anterior cruciate ligament","level":2,"score":0.6805421710014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908736133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37425","display_name":"Knee Joint","level":2,"score":0.6634091734886169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178910020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2211994","display_name":"Sagittal plane","level":2,"score":0.5967737436294556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780368125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229081","display_name":"Patella","level":2,"score":0.4841778576374054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779753412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39888","display_name":"Ligament","level":2,"score":0.4778708815574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778820510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755746","display_name":"Squat","level":2,"score":0.47783970832824707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778096516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241072","display_name":"Medial collateral ligament","level":3,"score":0.4687134623527527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96646087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q978198","display_name":"Condyle","level":2,"score":0.44276049733161926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119971845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2540134","display_name":"Squatting position","level":2,"score":0.4288380742073059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779372316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569057","display_name":"Stiffness","level":2,"score":0.417802631855011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41754886507987976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780345532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735353","display_name":"Posterior cruciate ligament","level":3,"score":0.41339343786239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29694066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118301","display_name":"Orthodontics","level":1,"score":0.3661133348941803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3552347421646118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.27697083353996277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2692638635635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2657403349876404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.238462895154953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.19738325476646423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.12757116556167603}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000070598","descriptor_name":"Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000070598","descriptor_name":"Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000070598","descriptor_name":"Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000070598","descriptor_name":"Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007717","descriptor_name":"Knee","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007717","descriptor_name":"Knee","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007717","descriptor_name":"Knee","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007717","descriptor_name":"Knee","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007719","descriptor_name":"Knee Joint","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007719","descriptor_name":"Knee Joint","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007719","descriptor_name":"Knee Joint","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007719","descriptor_name":"Knee Joint","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016118","descriptor_name":"Anterior Cruciate Ligament","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016118","descriptor_name":"Anterior Cruciate Ligament","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016118","descriptor_name":"Anterior Cruciate Ligament","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016118","descriptor_name":"Anterior Cruciate Ligament","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2020.2971855","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2020.2971855","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32031928","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32031928","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:spiral.imperial.ac.uk:10044/1/77415","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/77415","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401396","display_name":"Spiral (Imperial College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","host_organization_name":"Imperial College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2827","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2099061460","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1790878","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4014630235","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MC_PC_16046","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322453","display_name":"\u00d6ssur","ror":"https://ror.org/026meq292"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W599472317","https://openalex.org/W1482544367","https://openalex.org/W1490754183","https://openalex.org/W1563709360","https://openalex.org/W1915427392","https://openalex.org/W1974995768","https://openalex.org/W1976828736","https://openalex.org/W1979526472","https://openalex.org/W2001141112","https://openalex.org/W2001689635","https://openalex.org/W2005727460","https://openalex.org/W2023275698","https://openalex.org/W2028580836","https://openalex.org/W2033310401","https://openalex.org/W2036800776","https://openalex.org/W2038440316","https://openalex.org/W2039731789","https://openalex.org/W2041400428","https://openalex.org/W2042305322","https://openalex.org/W2042387866","https://openalex.org/W2043011724","https://openalex.org/W2047240171","https://openalex.org/W2049715867","https://openalex.org/W2049931360","https://openalex.org/W2051607843","https://openalex.org/W2052290309","https://openalex.org/W2053003689","https://openalex.org/W2053497097","https://openalex.org/W2059990202","https://openalex.org/W2070015339","https://openalex.org/W2072231364","https://openalex.org/W2072998752","https://openalex.org/W2074502084","https://openalex.org/W2076231399","https://openalex.org/W2077114066","https://openalex.org/W2085410115","https://openalex.org/W2087864505","https://openalex.org/W2088975035","https://openalex.org/W2091326698","https://openalex.org/W2098220377","https://openalex.org/W2107632757","https://openalex.org/W2111305454","https://openalex.org/W2113050839","https://openalex.org/W2113628416","https://openalex.org/W2125756310","https://openalex.org/W2130423606","https://openalex.org/W2137566969","https://openalex.org/W2144962912","https://openalex.org/W2148189507","https://openalex.org/W2156306062","https://openalex.org/W2157733328","https://openalex.org/W2170418116","https://openalex.org/W2170579528","https://openalex.org/W2181086272","https://openalex.org/W2184289808","https://openalex.org/W2255057375","https://openalex.org/W2467862831","https://openalex.org/W2564069747","https://openalex.org/W2578794640","https://openalex.org/W2618163766","https://openalex.org/W2734749050","https://openalex.org/W2744188771","https://openalex.org/W2744879314","https://openalex.org/W2885019664","https://openalex.org/W2889138914","https://openalex.org/W2896486088","https://openalex.org/W2943681719","https://openalex.org/W2964490392","https://openalex.org/W4229828226","https://openalex.org/W4232811464","https://openalex.org/W6663149865","https://openalex.org/W6686158538","https://openalex.org/W6691546458"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3111669225","https://openalex.org/W1969283265","https://openalex.org/W3011651458","https://openalex.org/W2464106877","https://openalex.org/W4287576374","https://openalex.org/W2976015960","https://openalex.org/W2146116049","https://openalex.org/W2938393902","https://openalex.org/W4385488366","https://openalex.org/W2007548533"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"Elucidating":[1],"the":[2,8,37,40,64,169,172,188,191,194,240],"role":[3],"of":[4,17,21,39,68,119,126,168,174,190,207,215,231,242,248],"structural":[5],"mechanisms":[6],"in":[7,30],"knee":[9,209,216,222],"can":[10],"improve":[11],"joint":[12,51,138,251],"surgeries,":[13],"rehabilitation,":[14],"and":[15,32,42,47,53,66,96,100,103,147,161,224,228,234],"understanding":[16,214],"biped":[18],"locomotion.":[19],"Identification":[20],"key":[22],"features,":[23],"however,":[24],"is":[25,55],"challenging":[26],"due":[27],"to":[28,176,180,213],"limitations":[29],"simulation":[31],"in-vivo":[33],"studies.":[34],"In":[35],"particular":[36],"coupling":[38,61],"patello-femoral":[41],"tibio-femoral":[43],"joints":[44],"with":[45],"ligaments":[46],"its":[48],"impact":[49,143],"on":[50],"mechanics":[52],"movement":[54],"not":[56,142],"understood.":[57],"We":[58,75],"investigate":[59],"this":[60],"experimentally":[62],"through":[63,156],"design":[65,230],"testing":[67],"a":[69,77,90,94,124,197,245],"robotic":[70],"sagittal":[71,78],"plane":[72,79],"model.":[73],"METHODS:":[74],"constructed":[76],"robot":[80],"comprised":[81],"of:":[82],"1)":[83],"elastic":[84],"links":[85],"representing":[86],"cruciate":[87,128],"ligaments;":[88],"2)":[89],"bi-condylar":[91],"joint;":[92],"3)":[93],"patella;":[95],"4)":[97],"actuator":[98],"hamstrings":[99],"quadriceps.":[101],"Stiffness":[102],"geometry":[104,167],"were":[105,115],"derived":[106],"from":[107],"anthropometric":[108],"data.":[109],"[Formula:":[110,120],"see":[111,121],"text]":[112,122],"squatting":[113],"tests":[114],"executed":[116],"at":[117],"speeds":[118],"over":[123],"range":[125],"anterior":[127],"ligament":[129,162,217],"(ACL)":[130],"slack":[131],"lengths.":[132],"RESULTS:":[133],"Increasing":[134],"ACL":[135],"length":[136],"compromised":[137],"stability,":[139],"yet":[140],"did":[141],"quadriceps":[144,175],"mechanical":[145,199],"advantage":[146],"force":[148,163,179],"required":[149],"for":[150,182,221],"squat.":[151],"The":[152,166,202],"trend":[153],"was":[154],"consistent":[155],"varying":[157],"condyle":[158],"contact":[159,183],"point":[160,184],"changes.":[164],"CONCLUSION:":[165],"condyles":[170],"allows":[171],"ratio":[173],"patella":[177],"tendon":[178],"compensate":[181],"changes":[185],"imparted":[186],"by":[187],"removal":[189],"ACL.":[192],"Thus":[193],"system":[195],"maintains":[196],"constant":[198],"advantage.":[200],"SIGNIFICANCE:":[201],"investigation":[203],"uncovers":[204],"critical":[205],"features":[206],"human":[208,250],"biomechanics.":[210,252],"Findings":[211],"contribute":[212],"damage,":[218],"inform":[219],"procedures":[220],"surgery":[223],"orthopaedic":[225],"implant":[226],"design,":[227],"support":[229],"trans-femoral":[232],"prosthetics":[233],"walking":[235],"robots.":[236],"Results":[237],"further":[238],"demonstrate":[239],"utility":[241],"robotics":[243],"as":[244],"powerful":[246],"means":[247],"studying":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}