{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2930784627","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2019.2906356","title":"Viscous Heating Assists Jet Formation During Needle-Free Jet Injection of Viscous Drugs","display_name":"Viscous Heating Assists Jet Formation During Needle-Free Jet Injection of Viscous Drugs","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2930784627","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2019.2906356","mag":"2930784627","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30932817"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2019.2906356","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2019.2906356","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081457622","display_name":"Rhys M. J. Williams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1081-5935"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rhys M. J. Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1081-5935","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077464349","display_name":"James W. McKeage","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5692-7030"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James W. McKeage","raw_affiliation_strings":["Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5692-7030","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063261268","display_name":"Bryan P. Ruddy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4783-3558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bryan P. Ruddy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4783-3558","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087987376","display_name":"Poul M. F. Nielsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4704-0179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Poul M. F. Nielsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041259670","display_name":"Andrew J. Taberner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0452-0308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew J. Taberner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Auckland Bioengineering Institute and the Department of Engineering Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0452-0308","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Auckland Bioengineering Institute and the Department of Engineering Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3688,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50087,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"66","issue":"12","first_page":"3472","last_page":"3479"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10704","display_name":"Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery","score":0.4325000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10704","display_name":"Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery","score":0.4325000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11651","display_name":"Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery","score":0.1670999974012375,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14126","display_name":"Intramuscular injections and effects","score":0.10980000346899033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-orifice","display_name":"Body orifice","score":0.8782166242599487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jet","display_name":"Jet (fluid)","score":0.8096054792404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nozzle","display_name":"Nozzle","score":0.8001790642738342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.7220727205276489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viscosity","display_name":"Viscosity","score":0.660031795501709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbulence","display_name":"Turbulence","score":0.5876087546348572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.576237142086029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viscous-liquid","display_name":"Viscous liquid","score":0.43444186449050903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.278322696685791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.2258325219154358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.22555485367774963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.182712584733963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07778230309486389}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194242075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546776","display_name":"Body orifice","level":2,"score":0.8782166242599487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119947313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5596635","display_name":"Jet (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.8096054792404175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56200935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q250840","display_name":"Nozzle","level":2,"score":0.8001790642738342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.7220727205276489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127172972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128709","display_name":"Viscosity","level":2,"score":0.660031795501709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.5876087546348572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.576237142086029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71351571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7935890","display_name":"Viscous liquid","level":2,"score":0.43444186449050903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.278322696685791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2258325219154358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.22555485367774963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.182712584733963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07778230309486389}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004364","descriptor_name":"Pharmaceutical Preparations","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004364","descriptor_name":"Pharmaceutical Preparations","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004364","descriptor_name":"Pharmaceutical Preparations","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004867","descriptor_name":"Equipment Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006358","descriptor_name":"Hot Temperature","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006358","descriptor_name":"Hot Temperature","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006358","descriptor_name":"Hot Temperature","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007277","descriptor_name":"Injections, Jet","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007277","descriptor_name":"Injections, Jet","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007277","descriptor_name":"Injections, Jet","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007277","descriptor_name":"Injections, Jet","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007277","descriptor_name":"Injections, Jet","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007277","descriptor_name":"Injections, Jet","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012212","descriptor_name":"Rheology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012212","descriptor_name":"Rheology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012212","descriptor_name":"Rheology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014783","descriptor_name":"Viscosity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014783","descriptor_name":"Viscosity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014783","descriptor_name":"Viscosity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2019.2906356","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2019.2906356","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30932817","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30932817","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchspace.auckland.ac.nz:2292/47146","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2292/47146","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055463","display_name":"ResearchSpace (University of Auckland)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","host_organization_name":"University of Auckland","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320801","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W597315572","https://openalex.org/W1536033641","https://openalex.org/W1556939888","https://openalex.org/W1569530544","https://openalex.org/W1597680300","https://openalex.org/W1699276706","https://openalex.org/W1969604041","https://openalex.org/W1971080476","https://openalex.org/W1974097079","https://openalex.org/W1986537310","https://openalex.org/W1987405744","https://openalex.org/W1998780993","https://openalex.org/W2001401353","https://openalex.org/W2002142583","https://openalex.org/W2005694445","https://openalex.org/W2027659717","https://openalex.org/W2039359600","https://openalex.org/W2045568718","https://openalex.org/W2047353849","https://openalex.org/W2048924231","https://openalex.org/W2049812381","https://openalex.org/W2058408861","https://openalex.org/W2071323428","https://openalex.org/W2074789908","https://openalex.org/W2077811101","https://openalex.org/W2080093715","https://openalex.org/W2085068888","https://openalex.org/W2087262377","https://openalex.org/W2091381410","https://openalex.org/W2096340665","https://openalex.org/W2121618672","https://openalex.org/W2124624850","https://openalex.org/W2161983664","https://openalex.org/W2233623949","https://openalex.org/W2293445904","https://openalex.org/W2293733120","https://openalex.org/W2319332384","https://openalex.org/W2401995236","https://openalex.org/W2800782153","https://openalex.org/W4230065389","https://openalex.org/W4238869878","https://openalex.org/W6634138237","https://openalex.org/W6690250099","https://openalex.org/W6700283523"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015408450","https://openalex.org/W2393097304","https://openalex.org/W14175906","https://openalex.org/W2182223376","https://openalex.org/W2109827144","https://openalex.org/W2024994893","https://openalex.org/W1639081587","https://openalex.org/W2389873441","https://openalex.org/W2314117732","https://openalex.org/W2930784627"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"Jet":[1],"injectors":[2],"use":[3],"a":[4,23,156,163,213],"high-pressure":[5],"liquid":[6],"jet":[7,19,64,89,99,113,183,237],"to":[8,46,57,76,174,187,193,229],"pierce":[9],"the":[10,27,30,33,36,39,42,50,78,94,98,111,131,139,142,150,153,172,205,208,216],"skin":[11],"and":[12,32,52,60,73,85,169],"deliver":[13],"drug":[14,222],"into":[15],"underlying":[16],"tissues.":[17],"This":[18,225],"is":[20,227],"formed":[21],"through":[22],"short,":[24],"narrow":[25],"orifice;":[26],"geometry":[28],"of":[29,35,41,80,97,124,126,135,141,152,158,185,207,212,218],"orifice":[31],"properties":[34,211],"fluid":[37,70,83,173,214],"affect":[38],"nature":[40],"flow.":[43],"We":[44,67,91],"aimed":[45],"discover":[47],"information":[48],"about":[49],"turbulent":[51],"viscous":[53,86,136,159,209],"processes":[54],"that":[55],"contribute":[56],"pressure":[58],"loss":[59],"flow":[61,154],"patterns":[62],"during":[63,100],"injection.":[65,238],"METHODS:":[66],"used":[68],"computational":[69],"dynamics":[71],"methods":[72],"experimental":[74],"observation":[75],"investigate":[77],"effects":[79],"nozzle":[81,119],"geometry,":[82],"viscosity,":[84],"heating":[87,137,210],"on":[88],"production.":[90],"experimentally":[92],"verified":[93],"temperature":[95,184],"change":[96],"ejection,":[101],"using":[102],"an":[103],"infrared":[104],"camera.":[105],"RESULTS:":[106],"Our":[107,177],"models":[108,129],"accurately":[109],"predict":[110],"average":[112],"speed":[114],"produced":[115],"for":[116,221,235],"two":[117,122],"example":[118],"geometries":[120],"over":[121],"orders":[123],"magnitude":[125],"viscosity.":[127],"The":[128],"reveal":[130,204],"previously":[132],"unreported":[133],"importance":[134,206],"in":[138,167,181,215],"formation":[140,217],"jet.":[143],"Temperatures":[144],">65":[145],"\u00b0C":[146],"were":[147],"predicted":[148,195],"at":[149],"edge":[151],"as":[155],"result":[157],"heating.":[160],"These":[161,202],"caused":[162],"significant":[164],"local":[165],"reduction":[166],"viscosity":[168],"effectively":[170],"allowed":[171],"lubricate":[175],"itself.":[176],"experiments":[178],"confirmed":[179],"changes":[180],"mean":[182],"up":[186],"2.5":[188],"\u00b0C,":[189],"which":[190],"are":[191],"similar":[192],"those":[194],"by":[196],"our":[197],"model":[198],"(\u223c2.8":[199],"\u00b0C).":[200],"CONCLUSION:":[201],"results":[203],"high-speed":[219],"jets":[220],"delivery.":[223],"SIGNIFICANCE:":[224],"property":[226],"crucial":[228],"consider":[230],"when":[231],"formulating":[232],"new":[233],"drugs":[234],"needle-free":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-05T07:55:05.734416","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
