{"id":"https://openalex.org/W30403619","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2018.2879667","title":"CONSTRUCTION OF THE KARLSRUHE RELATIVISTIC ISOCHRONOUS CYCLOTRON","display_name":"CONSTRUCTION OF THE KARLSRUHE RELATIVISTIC ISOCHRONOUS CYCLOTRON","publication_year":1962,"publication_date":"1962-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W30403619","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2018.2879667","mag":"30403619"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:30403619","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/4783666-construction-karlsruhe-relativistic-isochronous-cyclotron","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306517377","display_name":"Kerntechnik (West Germany)     Merged with Atomkernenergie to form Atomkernenerg./Kerntech.kyu Hokoku","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Kerntechnik (West Germany)     Merged with Atomkernenergie to form Atomkernenerg./Kerntech.kyu Hokoku","raw_type":null},"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062058431","display_name":"A. Kuellmer","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. Kuellmer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062058431"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00544941,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11367","display_name":"Particle accelerators and beam dynamics","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11367","display_name":"Particle accelerators and beam dynamics","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10559","display_name":"Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11949","display_name":"Nuclear Physics and Applications","score":0.979200005531311,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyclotron","display_name":"Cyclotron","score":0.8887438774108887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-physics","display_name":"Nuclear physics","score":0.6951417922973633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.693135142326355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma","display_name":"Plasma","score":0.13678529858589172}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39527238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204469","display_name":"Cyclotron","level":3,"score":0.8887438774108887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.6951417922973633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.693135142326355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82706917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10251","display_name":"Plasma","level":2,"score":0.13678529858589172}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:30403619","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/4783666-construction-karlsruhe-relativistic-isochronous-cyclotron","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306517377","display_name":"Kerntechnik (West Germany)     Merged with Atomkernenergie to form Atomkernenerg./Kerntech.kyu Hokoku","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Kerntechnik (West Germany)     Merged with Atomkernenergie to form Atomkernenerg./Kerntech.kyu Hokoku","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W197601837","https://openalex.org/W68871540","https://openalex.org/W125259084","https://openalex.org/W100799094","https://openalex.org/W259802364","https://openalex.org/W108350339","https://openalex.org/W93764913","https://openalex.org/W3213903346","https://openalex.org/W21477062","https://openalex.org/W3200458166","https://openalex.org/W2008775386","https://openalex.org/W183974713","https://openalex.org/W3132719127","https://openalex.org/W1617111325","https://openalex.org/W167950951","https://openalex.org/W113896932","https://openalex.org/W3214052954","https://openalex.org/W338662233","https://openalex.org/W271209575","https://openalex.org/W3189980389"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Current":[0],"integral-equation":[1],"(IE)":[2],"based":[3],"MR":[4],"electrical":[5],"properties":[6],"tomography":[7],"(EPT)":[8],"methods":[9],"utilize":[10],"simulated":[11],"incident":[12,42,77,88,142,166],"radio-frequency":[13],"(RF)":[14],"fields,":[15,79],"which":[16],"are":[17,145],"inaccurate":[18],"and":[19,28,47,131,136,221],"lead":[20],"to":[21,148,213],"reconstruction":[22,177],"errors.":[23],"To":[24],"improve":[25],"the":[26,41,84,87,91,95,110,117,124,128,137,150,165,171,193,215,218,222,226,233,244],"accuracy":[27],"practicability":[29],"of":[30,86,97,116,127,178,217],"IE-based":[31],"MR-EPT":[32,158],"methods,":[33],"a":[34,100,154],"new":[35],"approach":[36],"is":[37,57,106],"presented":[38],"that":[39,66,164,225],"obtains":[40],"fields":[43,89,113,144,168],"using":[44,119,123],"reference":[45,118,129,172],"subjects":[46,69],"RF":[48,78,112,143,167],"field":[49,54,120],"mapping":[50,121],"techniques.":[51],"The":[52,140,202],"Incident":[53],"approximation":[55,64],"(IFA)":[56],"first":[58],"demonstrated":[59],"in":[60,189,235],"this":[61],"paper.":[62],"This":[63,105],"assumes":[65],"two":[67],"imaged":[68,92],"with":[70,153,180,238],"similar":[71,76],"coil/subject":[72],"interactions":[73],"will":[74],"have":[75,209],"thus":[80],"one":[81],"can":[82],"feed":[83],"estimation":[85],"within":[90,99],"subject":[93,102,130,173],"into":[94],"calculation":[96],"those":[98],"homogeneous":[101],"(reference":[103],"subject).":[104],"done":[107],"by":[108,132],"measuring":[109],"total":[111],"(":[114],"field)":[115],"techniques,":[122],"known":[125],"EPs":[126,179],"rearranging":[133],"Ampere's":[134],"Law":[135],"integral":[138],"equations.":[139],"calculated":[141],"then":[146],"used":[147],"reconstruct":[149],"EPs'":[151],"distribution":[152],"three-dimensional":[155],"(3D)":[156],"integral-based":[157],"method.":[159],"Numerical":[160],"simulation":[161],"results":[162,223],"indicated":[163,224],"obtained":[169],"from":[170],"provide":[174],"accurate":[175],"3D":[176],"less":[181,239],"than":[182,199,240,251],"16%":[183],"root":[184],"mean":[185],"square":[186],"error":[187],"(RMSE)":[188],"noise-free":[190],"scenario":[191,237],"while":[192,243],"conventional":[194,245],"IE":[195],"method":[196,220,228,248],"had":[197],"more":[198],"28%":[200],"RMSE.":[201,253],"phantom-based":[203],"experiments":[204],"at":[205],"9.4T":[206],"MRI":[207],"system":[208],"also":[210],"been":[211],"conducted":[212],"evaluate":[214],"performance":[216],"proposed":[219,227],"achieved":[229],"desirable":[230],"robustness":[231],"against":[232],"noise":[234],"practical":[236],"21%":[241],"RMSE":[242],"differential":[246],"equation-based":[247],"showed":[249],"worse":[250],"37%":[252]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-07-23T07:20:56.468306","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}