{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2004959199","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2014.2320948","title":"A Dynamically Optimized SSVEP Brain\u2013Computer Interface (BCI) Speller","display_name":"A Dynamically Optimized SSVEP Brain\u2013Computer Interface (BCI) Speller","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-04-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2004959199","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2014.2320948","mag":"2004959199","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24801483"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2014.2320948","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2014.2320948","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071229482","display_name":"Erwei Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2147-9888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Erwei Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101410994","display_name":"Zongtan Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5173-8537"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zongtan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101745988","display_name":"Jun Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7176-9584"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015706474","display_name":"Yang Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8967-0427"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071074935","display_name":"Dewen Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7357-0053"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dewen Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071229482"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.897,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":249,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97657153,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":"6","first_page":"1447","last_page":"1456"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.9821088314056396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6897351741790771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.670810878276825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5422608852386475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.47227510809898376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3952328860759735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.35766351222991943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.1795426309108734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.0884266197681427}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.9821088314056396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6897351741790771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.670810878276825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5422608852386475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.47227510809898376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3952328860759735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.35766351222991943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.1795426309108734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0884266197681427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003143","descriptor_name":"Communication Devices for People with Disabilities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003143","descriptor_name":"Communication Devices for People with Disabilities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003143","descriptor_name":"Communication Aids for Disabled","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004569","descriptor_name":"Electroencephalography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005074","descriptor_name":"Evoked Potentials, Visual","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005074","descriptor_name":"Evoked Potentials, Visual","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005074","descriptor_name":"Evoked Potentials, Visual","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D062207","descriptor_name":"Brain-Computer Interfaces","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tbme.2014.2320948","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2014.2320948","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5240358","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","issn_l":"0018-9294","issn":["0018-9294","1558-2531"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:24801483","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24801483","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8599584487","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61375117","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1799066572","https://openalex.org/W1967545169","https://openalex.org/W1974609966","https://openalex.org/W1975226595","https://openalex.org/W1975993120","https://openalex.org/W1985638190","https://openalex.org/W1988655265","https://openalex.org/W1989513763","https://openalex.org/W1994744369","https://openalex.org/W1994855515","https://openalex.org/W1998344981","https://openalex.org/W2003732012","https://openalex.org/W2011604307","https://openalex.org/W2025311305","https://openalex.org/W2036217951","https://openalex.org/W2038052881","https://openalex.org/W2068049759","https://openalex.org/W2071307380","https://openalex.org/W2073150309","https://openalex.org/W2079223014","https://openalex.org/W2080597220","https://openalex.org/W2089565727","https://openalex.org/W2092691640","https://openalex.org/W2094479478","https://openalex.org/W2098100592","https://openalex.org/W2098725211","https://openalex.org/W2102514937","https://openalex.org/W2102837100","https://openalex.org/W2105478324","https://openalex.org/W2106006415","https://openalex.org/W2109008357","https://openalex.org/W2111692383","https://openalex.org/W2121682721","https://openalex.org/W2122515425","https://openalex.org/W2125236773","https://openalex.org/W2133022542","https://openalex.org/W2144632064","https://openalex.org/W2145149200","https://openalex.org/W2145302786","https://openalex.org/W2151669316","https://openalex.org/W2158655338","https://openalex.org/W2168572392","https://openalex.org/W2168689324","https://openalex.org/W2943568276","https://openalex.org/W4255060158"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3202969339","https://openalex.org/W4237513258","https://openalex.org/W2044053727","https://openalex.org/W1994410349","https://openalex.org/W3177028067","https://openalex.org/W1913385466","https://openalex.org/W2914170859","https://openalex.org/W2889342546","https://openalex.org/W2015048155","https://openalex.org/W1969223073"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,61,198],"aim":[1],"of":[2,30,33,59,162],"this":[3,43],"study":[4],"was":[5,49,220],"to":[6,24,55,89,111],"design":[7],"a":[8,52,79,107,186],"dynamically":[9],"optimized":[10],"steady-state":[11],"visually":[12],"evoked":[13],"potential":[14],"(SSVEP)":[15],"brain-computer":[16],"interface":[17],"(BCI)":[18],"system":[19],"with":[20,157],"enhanced":[21],"performance":[22],"relative":[23],"previous":[25],"SSVEP":[26,53,207],"BCIs":[27],"in":[28,51,234],"terms":[29],"the":[31,37,45,57,68,83,91,99,115,131,146,150,160,181,194,204,210],"number":[32,58],"items":[34],"selectable":[35],"on":[36,114],"interface,":[38],"accuracy,":[39,76],"and":[40,70,97,105,126,137,149,159,217],"speed.":[41],"In":[42,166],"approach,":[44],"row/column":[46],"(RC)":[47],"paradigm":[48],"employed":[50],"speller":[54,229],"increase":[56,112],"items.":[60],"target":[62],"is":[63,230],"detected":[64],"by":[65,203],"subsequently":[66],"determining":[67],"row":[69],"column":[71],"coordinates.":[72],"To":[73,118],"improve":[74],"spelling":[75,122,178],"we":[77],"added":[78],"posterior":[80],"processing":[81,102],"after":[82],"canonical":[84],"correlation":[85],"analysis":[86],"(CCA)":[87],"approach":[88,184],"reduce":[90],"interfrequency":[92],"variation":[93],"between":[94,215],"different":[95],"subjects":[96,143],"named":[98],"new":[100],"signal":[101],"method":[103,148],"CCA-RV,":[104],"designed":[106],"real-time":[108,151,163],"biofeedback":[109,152],"mechanism":[110],"attention":[113],"visual":[116],"stimuli.":[117],"achieve":[119],"reasonable":[120,176],"online":[121,177,200],"speed,":[123],"both":[124,168],"fixed":[125,195],"dynamic":[127,182],"approaches":[128,170],"for":[129,141,171,213,232],"setting":[130,172],"optimal":[132],"stimulus":[133,173],"duration":[134,174],"were":[135],"implemented":[136],"compared.":[138],"Experimental":[139],"results":[140,224],"11":[142],"suggest":[144],"that":[145,226],"CCA-RV":[147],"effectively":[153],"increased":[154],"accuracy":[155],"compared":[156],"CCA":[158],"absence":[161],"feedback,":[164],"respectively.":[165],"addition,":[167],"optimization":[169,183,196],"achieved":[175,202],"performance.":[179],"However,":[180],"yielded":[185],"higher":[187],"practical":[188],"information":[189],"transfer":[190],"rate":[191],"(PITR)":[192],"than":[193],"approach.":[197],"average":[199],"PITR":[201],"proposed":[205],"adaptive":[206],"speller,":[208],"including":[209],"time":[211],"required":[212],"breaks":[214],"selections":[216],"error":[218],"correction,":[219],"41.08":[221],"bit/min.":[222],"These":[223],"indicate":[225],"our":[227],"BCI":[228,236],"promising":[231],"use":[233],"SSVEP-based":[235],"applications.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-17T18:11:37.981687","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
